Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Scientific Method
Transcript
Science A way of knowing about the natural world, based on observation and experiments. These can be confirmed or disproved by other scientists using accepted scientific techniques. Scientific Method A planned, organized approach to solving a problem. How can we remember the steps of the scientific method? Scientific Method Steps People Really Hate Eating Onion Cakes Really! Problem A question that needs an answer (who, what, when, where, why, how) Research Finding information to help solve the problem or answer the question Hypothesis An educated guess. A possible solution to a problem about the natural world that can be tested. Experiment A data gathering procedure used to test a hypothesis. Observation Using one or more of your senses to notice objects or events. Conclusion It supports or does not support the hypothesis. A result that has been repeatedly confirmed. Report Sharing your findings to replicate or confirm your conclusion http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni h.gov/pmc/articles/PM C180588/pdf/aac0016 4-0192.pdf ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Sept. 1986, p. 502-504 0066-4804/86/090502-03$02.00/0 Copyright C 1986, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 30, No. 3 Mutation within the Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase Gene Conferring Resistance to (R)-9-(3,4-Dihydroxybutyl)Guanine HENRY C. CHIOU, KELVIN M. KERNS, AND DONALD M. COEN* Department of Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Received 10 March 1986/Accepted 10 June 1986 Five herpes simplex virus mutants known or presumed to contain mutations in their DNA polymerase genes conferring resistance to acyclovir and arabinosyladenine also proved to exhibit some degree of resistance to (R)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine (buciclovir). For one mutant, a buciclovir resistance mutation was mapped to a region of the viral DNA polymerase gene proposed to encode the deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate binding domain. These data implicate the viral polymerase as a target of buciclovir action that contributes to its antiviral selectivity. Repeat You should repeat the experiment if your conclusion does not support your hypothesis. Experimental Set Up Your experiment will have Control Constants – Independent and Dependent Procedure Trials – How many times you repeat experiment Make observations and collect data Variables Control You must have a “Control”: The part of the experiment that does not change. Allows comparison for the experiment. Used to show that the results of an experiment are actually a result of the condition being tested. Constants An experimental factor or quantity that does not vary between control and variables. Variable - The one factor being tested in an experiment Independent Variable - The part of the experiment that you intentionally change. Variable – What is going to be measured in response to the changing independent variable. Dependent Why must we have only one independent variable in an experiment? If there is more than one variable, we will not know what caused the results we observed, thus making our experiment invalid. OPINION A persons belief or idea FACT Something that is accepted as being true with supporting data. CRITERIA Standards to judge facts to make decisions Example: grading criteria Critical Thinking: Motion Lab Description Points Possible Meets expectations Thoroughly evaluates evidence Justifies complete and logical conclusions 25 Correctly evaluates most evidence Presents basic conclusions 20 Evaluates some evidence Presents basic conclusions 15 Poorly evaluates evidence Draws inadequate conclusions 10 Does not evaluate evidence Draws inaccurate conclusions 5 Points Earned Well- substantiated or proven explanation of some aspect of the natural world. THEORY Confirmed through laws, observations, inferences and successfully confirmed hypotheses. (The Big Bang Theoryhow the universe was formed by a gigantic expansion!) LAW A description about how the natural world behaves under stated circumstances. Example: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction INFERENCE The process of drawing a conclusion based only on what one already knows. Example: You hear rain on the roof so you infer that the sky is grey– If you look to be sure that is an: Observation What is the difference between a theory and a law?
