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OBJ 12 POLYDACTYLY BY: KELSEY VANPELT WHAT IS POLYDACTYLY? POLYDACTYLY IS A MEDICAL TERM USED TO DESCRIBE EXTRA FINGERS ON THE HANDS OR TOES ON THE FEET. SINCE THE EXTRA FINGERS OR TOES ARE PRESENT AT BIRTH, THEY ARE CALLED A CONGENITAL ANOMALY. • IF THEY ARE ADJACENT TO THE THUMB OR BIG TOE, THEY ARE CALLED PRE-AXIAL DIGITS. • IF THEY ARE ADJACENT TO THE PINKY FINGER OR TOE, THEY ARE CALLED POST-AXIAL DIGITS. • EXTRA DIGITS CAN ALSO BE CENTRALLY LOCATED IN THE HAND OR FOOT POLYDACTYLY WHAT CAUSES POLYDACTYLY? POLYDACTYLY OCCURS WHEN THE BODY FOLLOWS A DIFFERENT SET OF DIRECTIONS THAN USUAL WHILE FORMING THE HANDS OR FEET DURING DEVELOPMENT. **SOME SYNDROMES THAT MIGHT BE PRESENT WITH POLYDACTYLY INCLUDE GREIG CEPHALOPOLYSYNDACTYLY SYNDROME (GCPS) OR BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME (BBS) HOW IS POLYDACTYLY INHERITED? SOMETIMES EXTRA DIGITS APPEAR TO BE A STRONG FAMILY TRAIT THAT DOES NOT USUALLY SKIP GENERATIONS. WE WOULD CONSIDER THE GENE CHANGE TO BE DOMINANT, SO THE CHANCE OF PASSING 50 PERCENT HAS POLYDACTYLY. THE POLYDACTYLY TRAIT ON TO A CHILD IS PREGNANCY IF ONE PARENT WITH EACH A GENE CHANGE MIGHT BE RECESSIVE, IN WHICH CASE THE CHANCE OF A PERSON WITH POLYDACTYLY PASSING THAT TRAIT ONTO A CHILD IS MUCH SMALLER. THIS IS AN AUTOSOMAL CHROMOSOME CAUSING DISORDER WHICH MEANS IT AFFECTS BOYS AND GIRLS THE SAME. WHEN POLYDACTYLY DOES OCCUR AS A FAMILY TRAIT, IT MAY OCCUR IN DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS. ONE FAMILY MEMBER MAY HAVE EXTRA DIGITS ONLY ON THEIR HANDS, WHILE ANOTHER FAMILY MEMBER MAY HAVE EXTRA DIGITS ONLY ON THEIR FEET. *Black means has Polydactyly, white means does not. *Dominant allele example. LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR PEOPLE WITH POLYDACTYLY THE LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR PEOPLE WITH POLYDACTYLY IS THE SAME AS A NORMAL PERSON WITHOUT THE DISORDER. WHAT RESTRICTIONS DOES IT HAVE? • IF THE EXTRA FINGER OR TOE IS REMOVED, THEN MOST CHILDREN WILL HAVE FULL RANGE OF MOTION WITH THEIR OTHER FINGERS AND TOES. • SOMETIMES, IF THE FINGER OR TOE IS NOT REMOVED, THE EXTRANEOUS FINGER/TOE HAS NO RANGE OF MOTION, THEREFORE THE DEXTERITY WOULD BE AFFECTED IN THE HAND AND THE BALANCE AFFECTED IN THE FOOT. CAN POLYDACTYLY BE TREATED? • FOR CHILDREN WITH MINOR CASES OF POLYDACTYLY, THE EXTRA FINGER OR TOE MAY BE TIED AT ITS BASE TO RESTRICT BLOOD FLOW INTO IT. DIGIT WILL FALL OFF. • OTHER TIMES, A PEDIATRIC EVENTUALLY THE EXTRA ORTHOPEDIC SURGEON WILL REMOVE THE EXTRA FINGER OR TOE AND RECONSTRUCT THE PART OF THE HAND OR FOOT THAT WAS AFFECTED. THE SURGEON THE OTHERS. WILL SAVE THE DIGIT THAT BEST FITS WITH • THIS SURGERY USUALLY OCCURS WHEN THE CHILD IS BETWEEN ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD. • POLYDACTYLY CANNOT BE PREVENTED.