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Pre AP Biology
DNA Control Mechanisms
Francois Jacob (sitting) &
Jacques Monod (standing)
Operon Regulation
trp operon
Promoter
Promoter
Genes of operon
DNA
Regulatory
gene
mRNA
trpE
trpR
3
trpC
trpB
trpA
C
B
A
Operator
Start codon Stop codon
RNA
polymerase
mRNA 5
5
E
Protein
trpD
Inactive
repressor
D
Polypeptides that make up
enzymes for tryptophan synthesis
Tryptophan absent, repressor inactive, operon on
Operon Repressor
DNA
No RNA made
mRNA
Active
repressor
Protein
Tryptophan
(corepressor)
Tryptophan present, repressor active, operon off
Repressor
Promoter
Regulatory
gene
Operator
lacl
DNA
lacZ
No
RNA
made
3
mRNA
5
Protein
RNA
polymerase
Active
repressor
Lactose absent, repressor active, operon off
Operon and Inducers
lac operon
DNA
lacZ
lacl
3
mRNA
5
lacA
Permease
Transacetylase
RNA
polymerase
mRNA 5
-Galactosidase
Protein
Allolactose
(inducer)
lacY
Inactive
repressor
Lactose present, repressor inactive, operon on
Transposon - Basic
Insertion sequence
5
3
3
5
Inverted
repeat
Transposase gene
Inverted
repeat
Chromatin vs. Chromosomes
appearance within the cell.
Signal
NUCLEUS
Chromatin
DNA Control stages in
Protein Synthesis
DNA
Gene available
for transcription
Gene
Transcription
RNA
Exon
Primary transcript
Intro
RNA processing
Tail
Cap
mRNA in nucleus
Transport to cytoplasm
CYTOPLASM
mRNA in cytoplasm
Degradation
of mRNA
Translation
Polypeptide
Cleavage
Chemical modification
Transport to cellular
destination
Active protein
Degradation of protein
Degraded protein
Post Translation Control of exons
Post translation control
How many As on the tail?
Chaperonin
Protein will stay in the cell
RER
Protein will leave the cell