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Chapter 14
Blood Groups
Human Blood Type
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ABO Blood Group
is determined from Genotype
three alleles.
Type A
Co-Dominant
Type B
AA, AO
Type O Recessive
BB, BO
Phenotype
A
B
AB
AB
OO
O
Human Blood Groups
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Rh Factor – type of protein on the
surface of Red Blood Cells
• Rh blood group is determined by a
single gene with two alleles
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POSITIVE [Rh+, Rh+] or {Rh+, Rh-]
(Dominant)
NEGATIVE [Rh-, Rh-] (Recessive)
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Blood cells have either “A or B”
antigens on outside surface of blood
cell or NO antigens, which gives you
blood type “O”.
WRONG BLOOD TYPE???
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If given the
“wrong” blood type
for medical
purpose, the
immune system
would recognize
the blood cells as
foreign and destroy
them!
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We say the universal donor is Type O
and the universal recipient is Type
AB.
• However, Rh factor does matter!!!
FYI…Blood Types
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Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
O+ = 38.4 % most common
A+ = 32.3 %
B+ = 9.4 %
O- = 7.7 %
A- = 6.5 %
AB+ = 3.2 %
B- = 1.7 %
AB - = 0.7 % most rare
Lets do a Punnett Square….
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Cross a heterozygous
type A mom with a
recessive dad. Give
the possible
genotypes and
phenotypes of the
offspring.
O
AO
Genotype:
AO 50%
OO 50%
O
AO
Phenotype:
A 50%
O 50%
A
O
OO
OO