Download here - Barley CAP - University of Minnesota

Barley CAP Update
Jochum Wiersma
Small Grains Extension Agronomist
University of Minnesota Extension
Outline
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An entry quiz
What is Barley Cap (and why you should care)
What is Marker Assisted Selection?
What is the Hordeum Toolbox?
How will this help the breeders
The exit poll
Instructions for ResponseCard RF
1. Press and release the "GO" button.
2. While the light is flashing red and green, enter the 2 digit
channel code (i.e. channel 1 = 01, channel 21 = 21).
Channel is 41
3. After the second digit is entered, Press and release the
"GO" button.
4. Press and release the "1/A" button. The light should flash
yellow to confirm.
What is Barley CAP?
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22%
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3.
54%
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A chapter of American
Association of Pathologists.
A new federal crop insurance
program for malt and feed
barley.
A WTO imposed limit on barley
imports from Canada.
A multistate, federally funded,
project to apply molecular
genetic tools to barley
breeding.
I have no idea
A
1.
What is DNA?
23%
4%
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The DOD’s Defense Nuclear
Agency
Deoxyribonucleic acid
A 4 letter language in which
the instructions used in the
development and
functioning of living
organisms are written.
A new polymer that is used
in digital network
applications.
I have no idea.
Th
1.
DNA
• Deoxyribonucleic acid –
a long polymer that
consists of 4 different
building blocks (called
nucleotides) that
contains the genetic
instructions used in the
development and
functioning of all known
living organisms.
Barley Breeding
• Plant breeding is the art and science of improving
the heredity of plants for the benefit humankind
(Poelhman and Sleper, Breeding Field Crops, 4th edition, 1995).
or
• Finding your way in the forest without your
glasses, a map, or compass.
• Finding a needle in the haystack without a
magnet.
Marker Assisted Selection
• The outcome of a cross between two parents is unknown
and can be highly variable depending on the relationship
(or genetic distance) of the two parents (the ‘story’ in the
DNA gets scrambled).
• If we can search the ‘story’ for ‘keywords’, we can both
speed up the selection process as well as identify new
candidate varieties with the right ‘story’ earlier.
• Marker assisted selection (MAS) is an indirect selection
process where a trait of interest is selected not based on
the outward appearance of the trait itself but on a genetic
marker (keyword) near the trait (gene) on the DNA.
Marker Assisted Selection
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
New variety
Cycles of breeding
Gene of interest
A Marker linked to gene
Redrawn from wheat CAP presentation
X
Eliminate
individuals
without marker
Advantages MAS
• Non-destructive:
– Useful in early generations.
– Ability select for recessive alleles or masked traits.
• Circumvent costly screening methods.
• Fast (once you have reliable markers).
How will this help the barley
breeders (and ultimately you)?
• Cooperative, multistate project allows for:
– Access to technology that otherwise would be too expensive
– Sharing of knowledge and data on single platform.
• Ability to improve the efficiency in the breeding
program as selection intensities can be increased.
• Faster gain from selection ,especially for difficult traits
like malting quality and disease resistances.
The Exit Poll
(grab your remote, this will be fast and painless..;-)
I needed the information presented today
47%
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
28%
15%
9%
ag
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ly
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2%
St
ro
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The instructor used language I understood
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
38%
7%
ag
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N
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4%
St
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
49%
I learned new things about the Barley CAP
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
36%
ag
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gr
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ly
A
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2%
0%
St
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2%
St
ro
ng
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
60%
I better understand how breeders use
MAS to speed up breeding
60%
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
36%
ag
re
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gr
ee
A
N
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2%
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2%
St
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I believe that MAS will lead to new,
improved barley varieties
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
63%
33%
ag
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Thank you
for your cooperation!
any questions left …..:-)