Download Section 2-3 - Organic Compound Notes

Section 2-3
Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
• Any molecule
containing carbon
• Carbon skeletons may
vary in length
• Skeletons may be
branched or
unbranched
Organic Compounds
• Skeletons may have
double bonds, which
can vary in location.
These are called
isomers.
• Skeletons may be
arranged in rings.
Types of Organic Compounds
1. Carbohydrates
–
Monomers (single unit sugar) – monosaccharides
•
–
Disaccharides – two single sugars
•
–
Ex: Glucose and Fructose
Ex: Lactose
Polysaccharides – many monosaccharides linked
together
•
Ex: Starch (energy storage in plants), glycogen
(energy storage in animals), and cellulose (gives
plants strength and rigidity)
Carbohydrates cont.
• Functional Groups present: OH and C=O
• Function – main source of energy for all
living things
2. Fats or Lipids
• Made of mainly carbon and hydrogen
• Mostly nonpolar – will not dissolve in water
• Function: Energy storage, cushions vital
organs, and insulates the body
3. Nucleic Acids
• Monomers – nucleotides
• Functional groups – PO4
• Function – Heredity
• Examples – DNA and RNA
4. Proteins
• Monomer – amino acids
• Functional Groups: NH2 and COOH
• Function – regulate chemical reactions in cells, help
fight disease, transport substances into and out of
cells, and provide structure for tissues and organs.
• Examples : Enzymes