Download H 2 O + - Cloudfront.net

Organic Chemistry &
Acids/Bases
Welcome
To
The GowerHour
I. Polymers
I. Polymers: A polymer is a compound with a repeating unit, called a
___________,
and contains a ______
monomer
high molar mass.
A. Types of Polymers
1. Natural polymers:
polyisoprene
(a) Rubber (______________)
(b) Biological compounds:
(i) Proteins
(ii) Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
(iii) Cellulose
(iv) Starch
2. Synthetic polymers:
(a) Nylon
(b) Polyester
(c) PVC
(d) Plexiglass
B. Reaction Types
1.
Addition reaction: One molecule _____
adds to another molecule.
Monomer: _________
ethylene
H
H
C
C
H
H
Example:
Polyethylene
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Addition Reaction
Monomer: _____________
Vinyl chloride
H
H
C
C
H
Cl
Example:
C
C
PVC
Polyvinyl chloride (____)
C
Cl
C
C
Cl
C
C
Cl
C
C
Cl
C
C
Cl
C
C
Cl
C
Cl
C
C
Cl
The simple repeating unit of a polymer is the monomer.
Homopolymer is a polymer made up of only one type of
monomer
( CF2
CF2 )n
Teflon
( CH2
CH2 )n
Polyethylene
( CH2
CH )n
Cl
PVC
2.
H2O molecule is formed in the
Condensation reactions: A ____
reaction.
·· H
Amine group (amino): NH2 or N H
 O
Carboxylic acid group (carboxyl):
Example:
Polyester
O
O
H
··
O C
··
C
H2O
O
H
··
O
·· C
ester
··H
O
+ H
··
COOH or
O
CH2
C
CH2
··
O
··
H
OH
Dehydration synthesis vs Hydrolysis
O
C
··
O
··
ester
CH2
CH2
OH
Example: Proteins (Alanine + Glycine)
Alanine
H O
Glycine
H O
H2N C C OH + H2N C C OH
H
CH3
R group
H2 O
(Dehydration Synthesis)
Peptide bond
H O
H O
H2N C C N C C OH + H2O
CH3
H H
Amino acids are the basic structural units of proteins. An amino
acid is a compound that contains at least one amino group (-NH2)
and at least one carboxyl group (-COOH)
Peptide bond = _______
amide group : ______________
carboxyl group
2 amino acids
dipeptide = ___
tripeptide = ___
3 amino acids
many amino acids = _______
protein
polypeptide = ______
Example: Glycogen, cellulose, and starch (Polysaccharides)
Monomer: _________
glucose
Complex carbohydrates
CH2OH
C
C
HO
O
C
OH
C
C
OH
OH
or
Glycogen: Animals store energy in the form of glycogen & turn it
back into glucose as needed.
Cellulose: The most common organic compound on Earth (ie. cotton)
Hydrogen Bonds (Cross-linking)
Plants use cellulose for strength. The cellulose chains are all
stretched out, and like to stay right next to each other, like raw
spaghetti that's all stuck together. That's why cellulose can hold up
the tallest trees!
Starch:
Starch is a compact way to store a
lot of glucose in a small space.
Our bodies break the starch
down into glucose, which can be
used for energy.
Even though starch and cellulose are both made from the same sugar
(glucose), they act very differently (because the glucose molecules
are joined together differently). Starch will dissolve in water, but
cellulose won't. So we make food from starches and we build things
and make clothing out of cellulose.
Acids & Bases
A.
1.
(a)
(b)
Properties of acids and bases:
Acids
Sour
Changes the color of acidbase indicator.
(c) Some react w/metals
(d) React w/bases to form salts
(e) Conducts electric current
2. Bases
(a) Bitter
(b) Changes the color of acidbase indicator.
(c) Slippery
(d) React w/acids to form salts
(e) Conducts electric current
Blue Litmus Paper: Blue to Red Acid
Red Litmus Paper: Red to Blue Base
B. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
1. Acids: H+ ________
Donor
Example:
HCl (aq)
H+ + Cl
HCN (aq)  H+ + CN
2.
Acceptor
Bases: H+ ________
Example:
OH + H+
CN + H+
3.

H2 O
HCN
List of strong acids:
HNO3, H2SO4, HCl,
HClO4, HBr, HI
List of strong bases:
LiOH, NaOH, KOH,
Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2,
Sr(OH)2
acid and a _____.
base
Amphoteric substances: Can behave like an _____
Example:
H+
H+
H2CO3  HCO3  H+ + CO32
Contains both a H+ and  charge.
C. Acid-Base Reactions (Conjugate acid-base pairs)
+)
(Differ
by
only
a
H
(CA)
1. HNO2 + ClO  HClO + NO2
(CB)
Acid
2.
Base
H2SO3 + OH
Acid
(CA)

H2O
+ HSO3 
(CB)
Base
(CA)
3.
H2CO3 + BrO2  HBrO2 + HCO3
(CB)
Acid
4.
Base
H3PO4 + C2O42 
H2PO4
(CB)
Acid
Base
(CA)
+ HC2O4
C. pH Scale:
NaOH
Lye
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
H2SO4
Alkaline/Basic
Acidic
0
1
2
3
4
5
Acid
Rain
6
7
High
quality
H2O
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
D. In impure water (contains an acidic or basic substance):
If [H+] > 1.0 x 10-7 M, solution is _______.
acidic
basic or alkaline
If [H+] < 1.0 x 10-7 M, solution is _________________.
If [H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 M, solution is _________.
neutral
1.0 x 10−7 = pH 7 
pH < 7 = acid
pH > 7 = base
pH = 7 = neutral
1.0 x 10−2 = pH 2
1.0 x 10−5 = pH 5
1.0 x 10−11 = pH 11
The End !!!!