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Question of the Day
1. Structure of DNA =
2. Function of DNA =
4-12
Chapter 10 – DNA, RNA
and Protein Synthesis
STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of DNA

Structure – double-helix (looks like a spiral
staircase)

Function – carries your genetic
information
DNA is the “genetic code” life

It controls all aspects of the cell. But how?
 By the different proteins that it codes for.
 Different proteins have different functions
– Enzymes – control / speed up chemical
reactions
 IE: building ATP or digesting food
– Repair, transport, structural proteins
What is the genetic code?
Set of rules by which information is
transferred from…
 DNA into  RNA into  Protein
(using amino acids)
 Even bacteria and viruses have a
genetic code

What are Nucleic Acids?
A complex
macromolecule
that stores
information in cells
in the form of a
code. DNA and
RNA.
 Composed of
monomers of
nucleotides

What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic
acid
 Contains the
genetic
instructions for
development /
functioning of
living things

What is a nucleotide?

A monomer that
consists of three
parts
– Sugar (deoxyribose
or ribose)
– Phosphate
– Nitrogen Base (A, C,
T, G and U)
Question of the Day
4-13
1.Unit 7 Quest grade = ____%
2. I feel I was successful or unsuccessful
3. I prepared by…
4. Next time I will prepare by…
5. Goal for next time = ____
If you met your goal + got an A: You may maintain or
improve.
If you met your goal but did not get an A: You must
improve at least 1 percentage points.
If you did not meet your goal it stays the same.
REVIEW: Monomers and Polymers

Define Monomer –
– The smallest unit that makes up a larger
molecule

Define Polymer
– A large molecule formed by many
smaller molecules called monomers
REVIEW

Do all organisms have DNA?
– YES – All living things have the same
genetic code

What is a Protein?
– A large complex polymer composed of
Carbon, Hydrogen Oxygen, Nitrogen and
sometimes sulfur.
REVIEW

Amino Acids –
– The monomers that make up a protein.
– There are 20 common AA’s

Peptide Bond –
– Covalent bond (sharing electrons)
formed between two AA’s
What are the Nitrogen Bases?





Adenine
Guanine
Thymine (DNA
only)
Cytosine
Uracil (RNA only)
Nitrogen Bases
Nitrogen Bases
Purines and Prymidines


Which nitrogen bases are
purines?
– Adenine
– Guanine
Which nitrogen bases are
pyrimidines?
– Cytosine
– Thymine
– Uracil (in RNA)
Nitrogen Base Pairing

How do the nitrogen
bases pair in DNA?
– A–T
– C–G
– RNA  A – U (no
Thymine)

What holds the
nitrogen bases
together?
– Hydrogen Bonds
 Why
is the nucleotide sequence
important?
– All organisms have DNA
– The closer the DNA resemblance, the more
closely related the organisms are
DNA REPLICATION

DNA Replication:
– the process of copying DNA

When do we copy our DNA?
– S-phase of Interphase
DNA REPLICATION

STEP ONE:
– Helicase –
 An enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds
between nitrogen bases “unzipping” the
DNA
DNA REPLICATION

Replication Fork –
– location where the DNA is splitting apart
DNA REPLICATION

STEP TWO:
– DNA POLYMERASE –
 An enzyme that bonds free floating
nucleotides together to form a new DNA
chain


DNA REPLICATION
How long does this
continue?
– Until the entire
chain is
copied…forming
two new chains
Why do we copy
DNA?
– So that new cells
have the genetic
material needed to
survive
DNA Replication
DNA Replication
DNA SONGS:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1UPf7lXeO8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUA6_Ucw3i4