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Transcript 
Energy Systems
Energy Nutrients
1. Proteins
2. Fats
3. Carbohydrates
• Glucose
Metabolism = Chemical reactions in the body
that convert the fuel from food into the energy
we need
Energy: ATP
• Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP)
• “free energy”
• ATP  ADP + P + Energy
Energy Systems
1. Anaerobic System
• No oxygen
• Occurs in cytoplasm
• Powerful, but short period of time
2. Aerobic System
• With oxygen
• Occurs in mitochondria
• Long period of time
(as long as there is oxygen)
Metabolic Pathways
ATP-PC Pathway (anaerobic alactic)
Glycolysis Pathway (anaerobic lactic)
Cellular Respiration (aerobic)
ATP-PC Pathway (Phosphagen System)
•
•
•
•
•
Anaerobic alactic
“no oxygen” & “without lactic acid”
Duration: 10-15 seconds
Occurs in cytoplasm
Relies on available phosphocreatine (PC)
– Readily accessible
– Does not involve metabolism of glucose
• Sustain ATP for short, powerful bursts of activity
Weightlifting
100-metre sprint
Glycolysis Pathway
•
•
•
•
•
Anaerobic lactic
“no oxygen” & “lactic acid present”
Duration: 1-3 minutes
Occurs in cytoplasm
Partial breakdown of glucose  2 ATP
• Lactic acid = by-product, when built up causes
muscle pain
400-metre or 800-metre
1 Hockey shift
Cellular Respiration
•
•
•
•
•
•
Aerobic
“oxygen present”
Duration: > 90 seconds
Occurs in mitochondria
Complete breakdown of glucose  36 ATP
Sustain intense activity for longer period of time
Marathon
Triathlon
Muscle Fibre Types
• Slow-Twitch
– Generate and relax tension slowly
– Maintain lower level of tension for
long durations
• Fast-Twitch
– Generate & relax tension quickly
– large amounts of tension with low endurance
– Activate 2 or 3 times faster than slow-twitch
Fibre Types
Based on tension-generating features & metabolic properties
1. Type I – Slow Oxidative
• Low intensity, longer duration
• Fatigue resistant
• Depend on aerobic
2. Type IIA – Fast-Oxidative Glycolytic (intermediate)
• Intermediate intensity, shorter duration
• Glycolytic capacity
3. Type IIB – Fast-Glycolytic
• High intensity
• Quick contractions without oxygen
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
ATP-PC
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