Download PS Wang/ 2004.05

ENDOCRINOLOGY
P. Shyi-Gang Wang, Ph. D.
Department of Physiology,
School of Medicine
National Yang-Ming University
Taipei 11221, Taiwan, Republic of China
1
PS Wang/ 2004.05
王錫崗 教授
•台灣 台北市北投區（11221）立農街二段
155號
•國立陽明大學醫學院生理學科暨生理學研
究所
• Tel: 886-2-28267082
• Fax: 886-2-28264049
• E-mail: [email protected]
2
Chapter I. Introduction
3
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Weichert Anatomy of the Chordates
1965 3th ed #662
4
5
Weichert Anatomy of the Chordates 1965 3th ed #661
Endocrine Gland
Hormone
Blood Stream
Target Organ
Soma
Receptors
Actions
6
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Hormone
a Greek word meaning “stimulate”
first used by Bayliss and Starling in
1904 for the finding of secretin
7
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Definition of Hormone
1.
2.
3.
4.
A chemical substance
Produced by ductless gland(s)
Transported by blood stream
Physiological control effects; control of
metabolic functions
8
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Physiological Properties of Hormones
1. small amounts (pg~μg)
2. the secretion rate is determined by the need
3. no effect on the source
4. act on soma or target organs
5. as trigger substances
6. may have many effects, e.g. oxytocin
9
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Mono-
Hexa-
Bi- (Di-)
Hepta-
Tri-
Octa-
Tetra-
Nona-
Penta-
Deca-
e.g. Tetradecapeptide (14 AA)
10
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Endocrine and Nervous Systems
Both are coordinating systems; providing for
homeostasis, integration, differentiation, and
growth.
Comparison
route
signals
speed
N
wire
electric impulse
fast (msec)
E
wireless
chemicals
slow (sec to days)
Neuroendocrinology = CNS + Hypophysis
11
PS Wang/ 2004.05
McDonald Veterinary Endocrinology and
Reproduction 1976 2nd ed
12
Substances from Neurosecretory Cells
Neurohumors
1. do not enter the circulation
2. excite the adjacent cells
3. e.g. EP, NE
Neurohormones
1. enter the circulation
2. excite the target cells
3. e.g. hypothalamic releasing hormones
13
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Hormone Regulation
1. Feedback: negative and positive
a
A
B
+
b
2. Three loops
(1). long feedback loop: H/P
target
(2). short feedback loop: H
P
(3). ultra short feedback loop: H
H
Nonhormonal Control
1. light
2. stress
3. sleeping
4. feeding
5. others
14
PS Wang/ 2004.05
15
Caligaris, Astrada, & Taleisnik (Argentina), Endocrinology 88:810, 1971
GLUCOSE
BETA CELL
INSULIN
16
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Chemical Classes of Hormones
1. Peptide, protein hormones
2. Amino acid derivatives
3. Steroids and lipids
17
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Hormones
1. Peptides, Protein Hormones
(1). Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
A. Adenohypophysis
a. Pars distalis
growth hormone (GH, somatotrophin); Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH,
corticotrophin); Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotrophin);
Male: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); Interstitial-cellstimulating hormones (ICSH, luteinizing hormone, LH);
Female: FSH; LH; Prolactin
b. Pars intermedia
Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α- and β-MSH, Intermedin)
B. Neurohypophysis (posterior lobe)
Oxytocin (Let-down factor, milk-ejection factor); Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
(2). Pancreas
Insulin; Glucagon
(3). Ovary
Relaxin; Inhibin
(4). Thyroid
Thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin)
(5). Parathyroid
Parathyroid hormone
(6). Kidney
Erythropoietin; Renin
(7). Stomach and
Gastrin; Enterogastrone; Cholecystokinin; Secretin;
18
Duodenum
Pancreozymin
PS Wang/ 2004.05
2. Amino Acid Derivatives
(1). Thyroid
(2). Adrenal Medulla
(3). Pineal gland
(4). Argentaffin cells,
platelets, nerves
3. Steroids and Lipids
(1). Testes
(2). Ovary
(3). Corpus luteum
(4). Adrenal cortex
(5). Prostate, Seminal
Vesicles, Brain,
Nerve
Thyroxin; Triiodothyronine
Norepinephrine; Epinephrine
Melatonin
Sterotonin (5-hydroxy-tryptamine)
Androgen (testosterone)
Estrogen (estradiol-17β)
Progesterone
Hydrocortisone; Cortisone;
Aldosterone
Prostaglandins
19
PS Wang/ 2004.05
Hypothalamic Hormones
Oxytocin --------------------------- 9 A.A., PV.
Vasopressin (ADH) ------------- 9 A.A., SO.
LHRH (GnRH) ------------------- 10 A.A.
FSHRH
TRH -------------------------------- 3 A.A.
Somatostatin (SRIF) ----------- 14 A.A.
GRF
PIF (= Dopamine ?)
PRF (= TRH or serotonin ?)
CRF
MIF
MRF
20
PS Wang/ 2004.05