Download Macromolecule PPT/Notes

State Standard
SB1C – Identify the function of the four
major macromolecules (carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids, & nucleic acids)
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Carbon – The Element of Life
 The element __________
is a component of almost
all __________
molecules.
 For this reason, life on
earth is considered
__________.
 All __________
compounds contain
carbon.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Carbon – The Element of Life – Cont’d
 Carbon has ________ electrons in its outermost
energy level.
 One carbon atom can form four covalent ________
with other atoms.
 Carbon compounds can be in the shape of
____________ chains, ____________ chains, and
____________.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Macromolecules - AKA Organic Molecules
 ____________ are large organic molecules
formed by joining smaller organic molecules
together.
 There are 4 macromolecules that form the
structure & function of every living thing:
____________, ____________,
____________, & ________ ________.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Macromolecules - Cont’d
 Macromolecules are ____________.
 ____________ are molecules made from
repeating units of identical or nearly identical
compounds linked together by a series of
covalent bonds.
 Each macromolecule has specific
____________ (small molecules) as its
__________ __________.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Carbohydrates
 Functions:
 Main __________ __________ for all organisms
 ____________ component of cell walls
 ____________ ____________on plasma
membrane
 Building Block/Monomer: _______________
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Carbohydrates – Cont’d
 Structure:
 Made of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen in a ratio
of ____:____:____
 Form __________, straight chains, or
__________ chains
 3 groups of Carbs:
 ______saccharides (simple/________ sugars)
 ______saccharides (chain of a ______ sugars)
 ______saccharides (chain of ________ sugars)
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Carbohydrates – Cont’d
 Examples:
 ____________
 ____________
 Glucose, ____________, Lactose, Sucrose
 Cellulose
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Lipids
 Functions:
 Long-term ____________ ____________
 ____________ (e.g. - plasma membrane)
 Waterproof ____________
 Building Block/Monomer: ____________ w/ fatty
____________ tails
 ____________ in water due to ____________
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Lipids Cont’d
 Structure:
 More carbon-hydrogen bonds & fewer
____________ atoms than carbohydrates
 3 groups of Lipids:
 ____________
 ____________
 ____________
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Lipids – Cont’d
 Examples:
 _______ (helps plants retain water)
 Butter
 Vegetable Oil
 ____________
 Steroids
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Proteins
 Functions:
 ____________ contraction
 ____________ of materials
 Immune system
 Structural ____________ block
 Speed up ____________
 Building Block/Monomer: _________ _________
 Most ____________ macromolecule!
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Proteins Cont’d
 Structure:
 Large & ____________
 Long ____________ made of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, & sometimes sulfur
 Examples:
 Muscle, ____________, hair, nails
 Collagen
 ____________
 Hemoglobin
 ____________
 Antibodies
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Proteins Cont’d
 The ____________ and the ____________ in which the
amino acids are joined define the protein’s primary
structure.
 After an amino acid chain is formed, it folds into a
unique three-dimensional ____________, which is the
protein’s secondary structure, such as a helix or a pleat.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Nucleic Acids
 Functions:
 Store & transmit ____________ information in
the form of a code
 Building Block/Monomer: ____________
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Nucleic Acids Cont’d
 Structure:
 A nucleotide is composed of a ____________, a
____________ group, and a nitrogen-containing
____________
 Examples:
 _________
 _________
 ATP