Download Describing nutritional requirements of fish

Nutritional requirements of fish
Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed!
• HS‐LS2‐6.Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the
complex interactions in eco systems maintain relatively consistent
numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing
conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
• HS‐LS4‐5. Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in
environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number
of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species
over time, and (3) the extinction of other species. [Clarification
Statement: Emphasis is on determining cause and effect
relationships for how changes to the environment such as
deforestation, fishing, application of fertilizers, drought, flood, and
the rate of change of the environment affect distribution or
disappearance of traits in species.
Bell Work / Objectives
• Describe the role of protein in fish
nutrition.
• Describe the role of fats in fish nutrition.
• Describe the role of carbohydrates in fish
nutrition.
• Describe the role of minerals in fish
nutrition.
• Describe the role of vitamins in fish
nutrition.
Terms
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Amino acid
Blood meal
Carbohydrates
Carnivore
Fat-soluble vitamins
Fats
Fish meal
Herbivore
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Minerals
Omnivore
Protein
Soybean meal
Trace elements
Vitamins
Water-soluble
vitamins
What is the role of protein in fish
nutrition?
• First major component
required for proper
nutrition of fish is
protein.
• Protein
– Formed from
compounds known
as amino acids.
What is the role of protein in fish
nutrition?
• Amino acids
– Building blocks of protein.
– Needed by animals for proper nutrition.
– 10 amino acids are essential.
– Broken down during digestion.
– Used to produce new tissue or
reproduce damaged tissue.
Protein
• Most critical component of fish feed.
• Prepared fish feed will contain between 25 and
40 percent protein.
Sources of protein
– Fish meal
• High protein feed derived from fish.
– Animal waste products
• Blood meal
–High protein feed derived from blood
collected during the slaughter process.
• Meat scraps
– Soybean meal
• High protein feed produced from soybeans.
Protein requirements
• Carnivore fish
– Fish that eat meat.
– Require 50% of its protein from animal
sources.
• Herbivore fish
– Fish that eat plants.
– Need only about 30% of the protein in their
feed from animal sources.
• Omnivores
– Fish that eat both plants and animals.
– Need only about 30% of the protein in their
feed from animal sources.
What is the role of fats in fish
nutrition?
• Fats
– A required component
of fish feeds.
– Composed of fatty
acids.
– Used for proper health
and growth.
– Amount of fat in a feed
usually between 4 and
15 percent.
Fat requirements
• Type of fat needed in fish feed
depends on temperature of water.
• To be digested, fat must be able
to melt.
• To melt, must have melting point
below water temperature.
• Cold water fish (trout)
– Fed unsaturated fat derived
from plants (vegetable oil).
• Warm water fish (tilapia)
– Fed saturated fat derived from
animal products.
What is the role of carbohydrates in
fish nutrition?
• Carbohydrates
– A required component of fish feed.
– Source of energy for fish.
– Organic compounds composed of carbon,
hydrogen, & oxygen.
– Plants including sugars, starches, and
cellulose are sources.
Carbohydrate requirements
• Fish herbivores (carp)
– Better capable of digesting carbohydrates.
– An enzyme (amylase) in their digestive
system.
• Fish carnivores (catfish)
– Can’t digest carbohydrates as well.
– Only need 10% carbohydrates in ration.
What is the role of minerals in fish
feed?
• Minerals
– Inorganic materials needed for health and
growth.
– Most only needed in small amounts.
– Large amounts of minerals may be fatal to
fish.
– Often called trace elements
• Needed in very small quantities.
Required Minerals
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Calcium
Iron
Silicon
Manganese
Magnesium
Boron
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Cobalt
Copper
Iodine
Molybdenum
Selenium
Sodium
Minerals
• Testing the water can show mineral
deficiencies.
• Can be given to fish two ways
– Add directly to the water.
• If water is flowing or moving may be a
waste
– Added to a commercially prepared feed.
What is the role of vitamins in fish
nutrition?
• Vitamins
– Organic compounds needed in small amounts
for proper growth and maintenance of body
functions.
– Specific vitamins are needed for different
body functions.
– Deficiencies can cause poor growth, anemia,
skin lesions, clubbed gills and other problems.
Types of Vitamins
• Water-soluble
– Taken in, used, and then excreted.
– Include Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Folic Acid.
• Fat-soluble
– Taken in to the body and stored.
– If excess amounts consumed can be
unhealthy.
– Include vitamin E, A, and D.
Review / Summary
• What is the role of protein in fish nutrition?
• What is the role of fats in fish nutrition?
• What is the role of carbohydrates in fish
nutrition?
• What is the role of minerals in fish
nutrition?
• What is the role of vitamins in fish
nutrition?
The End!