Download Carbohydrate Review

Macromolecule Review
Functional Groups
Name the functional group:
-OH
hydroxyl
-COOH
carboxyl
-NH2
amino
Name the functional group:
-C=O
carbonyl
-SH
sulfhydryl
-PO4
phosphate
Identify the functional groups:
carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl
Identify the functional groups:
carbonyl
Identify the functional groups:
phosphate, hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Review
What is the name of the reaction when
when 2 monosaccharides attach to form
a disaccharide?
• dehydration synthesis or condensation
What is the name of the bond formed?
• glycosidic bond/linkage
Carbohydrate Review
Name 2 polysaccharides that are used as
energy storage.
• starch and glycogen
Name 2 polysaccharides that are used for
structural support.
• cellulose and chitin
What is this?
monosaccharide
What is this?
polysaccharide (it continues…)
What is this?
disaccharide (sucrose)
What is this?
monosaccharide
Lipids
Lipids Review
What is the most common type of lipid?
• triglycerides (fats)
What are the other types of lipids?
• phospholipids, waxes, steroids
Lipids Review
What are the chemical components of a
triglyceride?
• glycerol + 3 fatty acids
What is the name of the bond that links
these components together?
• an ester linkage
Lipids Review
What is the difference between a
saturated and an unsaturated fatty
acid?
• saturated fatty acids have no double
bonds between carbon atoms; have the
maximum number of H atoms attached
(are fully “saturated” with H atoms)
Lipids Review
Which type of fat is usually solid at room
temperature?
• saturated fats
How do you make an unsaturated fat solid
at room temperature?
• hydrogenation
What is this?
steroid/sterol (cholesterol)
What are these?
fatty acids (saturated & unsaturated)
What is this?
glycerol
What is this?
phospholipid
What is this?
triglyceride
Proteins
• What is the basic unit of a protein?
• amino acid
• What is the name of the bond formed
between 2 amino acids in a protein?
• peptide bond
Proteins
• How many amino acids are there in
total? How many are “essential”?
• 20 (8 are essential)
• What are some of the functions of
proteins?
• structural support, messengers,
transport of materials, enzymes, etc…
Proteins
• What is the “primary” structure of a
protein?
• its sequence of amino acids
• At what level of protein organization are
ß-pleated sheets and the alpha-helix?
• secondary structure
What is this?
a polypeptide
What is this?
an amino acid
Nucleic Acids
• Name the pyrimidine bases. Describe
their structure.
• cytosine, thymine, uracil
• single ring structure
• Name the purine bases. Describe their
structure
• adenine, guanine • double ring
Nucleic Acids
• What type of bond links complementary
bases?
• H bond
• What type of bond links consecutive
nucleotides in a nucleic acid?
• phosphodiester bond
What are the differences?
• RNA single-stranded, has uracil (not
thymine), has ribose (not deoxyribose),
involved in protein synthesis but only
the hereditary material of some viruses
• DNA double-stranded, has thymine, has
deoxyribose, hereditary material,
involved in protein synthesis
What is this?
(deoxyribo)nucleotide
Testing for Macromolecules
• What tests/reagents are used to test for
starch, lipids (2 tests),
monosaccharides, and proteins?
• Lugols (iodine), translucence test,
Sudan IV, Benedict’s reagent, Biuret
reagent