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Light Microscopy
Bright Field
Phase-Contrast
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
Fluorescence
Electron Microscopy (EM)
Scanning EM
Transmission EM
Chemical Composition of Cells
Pg. 58
Pg. 79
Chemical Bond Energies
Gene Expression
Monomer/Polymer
Nitrogenous Bases of DNA and RNA
Pg. 76
Pg. 175
5’
3’
3’
5’
0.34 nm
Major Groove
Minor Groove
Pg. 171
Supercoiled
DNA
Non-supercoiled
DNA (relaxed)
Werner Syndrome
15 yrs.
48 yrs.
Mutation in gene encoding RecQ helicase
Pg. 175
5’
3’
3’
5’
Human Karyotype
Pg. 179
RNA Molecules
5’
3’
5’
3’
Pg. 74
Amino Acid
Side Chains
(Pgs. 74-75)
Extra carbon atom!
alpha-helix
ß-Sheet
Hydrophobic Interactions in Tertiary Structure
Representations of Protein Tertiary Structure
Backbone
Ribbon
Pg. 132
Wire Frame
Space Filling
Quaternary Structure
Pg. 141
Chloride Ion Channel Protein
Comparison
of Protein Primary Structure
Cyclin-dependent Kinase Proteins
Gene Expression
Pg. 230
RNA
Synthesis
OH
OH
OH
Pg. 202
Pg. 233
1 µm
Pg. 233
Fig. 7-20
Exon/Intron Organization of Eukaryotic Genes
Pg. 238
Sequence Structure of Introns
Pg. 239
Alternative Splicing
Pg. 241
5’ Guanine Cap Structure
Pg. 237
Cytosol
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Secreted
ER
Golgi
Endosome
Lysosome
Transmembrane
Reading Frames in RNA
tRNA Synthetase
Editing
Domain
Amino Acid
tRNA
Synthetase
(blue)
“Editing” by tRNA Synthetase
Large Subunit RNA Secondary Structure
Small Ribosomal Subunit
Pg. 253
mRNA Structure
3’
Initiation of Translation
Pg. 253
Pg. 252
Release Factor (RF)
tRNA
Co-translational Protein Folding
Protein Folding by “Chaperones”
Transcriptional
Activator
Transcriptional
Repressor
Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation
Protein
+
Ub
Ubiquitin Ligase
Protein
Ub-Ub-Ub
Proteasome
Pg. 257
Amino acids + Ub
Coding and catalysis
Coding
Coding intermediate
Fungal Disease
Superficial Infections
Systemic Infections
Onochomycosis
AN2690 Structure
Figure 1A
Figure 1B
Figure 3
AN2690