Download Sucrose metabolism in developing northern red oak (Quercus rubra)

Sucrose metabolism in developing
northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
acorns
Shi-Jean Susana Sung and Paul P. Kormanik
Institute of Tree Root Biology
USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA
Sink Strength
(J Warren-Wilson, 1967)
-1
Sink Strength (g d ) =
-1 -1
Sink Size (g) x Sink Activity (g g d )
Sink size: weight, volume, length, number of sinks
Sink type: vegetative, reproductive
Sink activity: import of C-14, turgor pressure,
growth rate, respiration rate,
enzyme activity
Sucrose
3
2
1
Glc + Fru Glc + Fru
Enzymes
ATP
ADP
1) Sucrose synthase
ATP
ADP
6
Fru + UDP-Glc
PPi
5
7
Glc-6-P
UDP
Fru-6-P
2) Acid invertase
4
UTP
Glc-1-P
8
3) Neutral invertase
Glc-6-P
4) UDPglucopyrophosphorylase
7
5) Fructokinase
6) Glucokinase
7) Phosphoglucoseisomerase
8) Phosphoglucomutase
Fru-6-P
ATP
ADP
10
PPi
9
Pi
Fru-1,6-P2
9) PPi-phosphofructokinase
10) ATP-phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate
Time course of Phaseolus vulgaris seed development
S.S. Sung et al.
Plant Cell Environ (1994) 17, 419
Time course of development of a typical Phaseolus vulgaris fruit
(one pod plus five seeds)
S.S. Sung et al.
Plant Cell Environ (1994) 17, 419
Northern red oak seed orchard at Flint River Nursery, GA
May 2002
June 7, 2002
6-7
7-11
8-6
9-3
10-10
Outside crown
Inside crown
July 11, 2002
undeveloped
aborted
July 11, 2002
12 acorns
acorn dropped
Most acorns loose/dropped
June 7, 2002: Acorns branches without leaves
Acorn branches without leaves
Acorn branches without leaves
6-7
7-11
8-6
9-3
10-10
Diameter Development of
Northern Red Oak Acorns
Diameter, mm
25
20
15
Cup
Fruit
10
5
June
July
Aug
2002
Sept
Oct
Dry Weight Development of
Northern Red Oak Acorns
5
Fruit
Pericarp
Seed
Cup
Dry Weight, g
4
3
2
1
0
June
July
Aug
2002
Sept
Oct
Dry Weight Development of
Northern Red Oak Acorns
% Final Dry Weight
100
80
60
40
Pericarp
Seed
Cup
20
0
June
July
Aug
2002
Sept
Oct
Moisture Contents of Developing
Northern Red Oak Acorns
Cup
Pericarp
Seed coat
Cotyledons
Moisture Content, %
80
70
60
50
40
30
June
July
Aug
2002
Sept
Oct
Dry Weight Allocation (%) in Developing
Northern Red Oak Acorns
Pericarp
100
% Fruit Dry Weight
Cotyledons
80
Seed coat
60
40
20
0
June
July
Aug
2002
Sept
Oct
Dry Weight Allocation (%) in Developing
Northern Red Oak Acorns
% Seed Dry Weight
100
Cotyledons
80
Seed coat
60
40
20
0
June
July
Aug
2002
Sept
Oct
Sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities in
developing northern red oak acorns
Date
June 7
June 21
July 11
June 21
July 11
Pericarp
Pericarp
Pericarp
Seed
Seed
Avg DW, g
0.12
0.28
0.72
0.007
0.071
Avg MC, %
68
69
68
77
79
SS*
24
27
1
30
51
UDPG PPiase
4488
4312
3265
938
2667
PPi-PFK
ATP-PFK
122
68
95
57
73
97
130
16
32
27
FK
64
73
59
46
47
GK
72
88
42
48
20
PGM
1262
1038
843
815
508
PGI
1241
1056
826
1215
508
Tissue
* Enzyme specific activity: nmol min-1 mg protein-1
May 2002
July 26, 2002
July 26, 2002