Download 15.0ClassificationPPT04

I. Taxonomy
A. Definition of Taxonomy:
• The science of naming organisms and classifying
them into groups
B. The need for classification
• Provides a universal language so scientists can
communicate globally
• Groups organisms
to show
evolutionary
relationships
I. Taxonomy
C. How do we classify?
• Taxonomists look for similarities in physical
features called homologous structures.
• Taxonomists look for similarities in biomolecules
such as DNA, RNA, and amino acid sequences.
II. Biological Classification
A. The Levels of Classification
•Levels
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
•Example
Continent
Country
State
County
City
Street
#
•Scientific Example
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
King Philip Came Over For Great Sandwiches
II. Biological Classification
B. The Levels of Classification
•This illustration shows the
classification of the grizzly
bear from kingdom to species
Figure 15-5,Biology
II. Biological Classification
C. Naming Organisms
a. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
and is known as
binomial nomenclature
b. The rules:
• Scientific names have two
parts: Genus and species
Homo sapien (human)
Felis domesticus (cat)
• Capitalize Genus, but not
species
• Underline or put in italics
Father of Taxonomy
III. The Six Kingdom System
A. Kingdom Eubacteria
• Larger of the two bacteria kingdoms
• Organisms are prokaryotes (cells do not have a
nucleus nor membrane enclosed organelles)
• Organisms have carbohydrates in cell wall
• Populations are widespread
and diverse
• Example: cyanobacteria
(blue-green bacteria)
III. The Six Kingdom System
B. Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Organisms are prokaryotes
• Organisms do NOT have carbohydrates in cell wall
• Organisms live in harsh environments:
anaerobic (no oxygen) mud
digestive tract of animals
extremely hot or salty water
III. The Six Kingdom System
C. Kingdom Protista
• Organisms are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus and
membrane enclosed organelles)
• Organisms are single-celled or multicellular
• Organisms are animal, plant, or fungus-like protists
• Examples: Amoeba, Diatoms and algae
III. The Six Kingdom System
D. Kingdom Fungi
• Organisms are eukaryotes with cell walls
• Organisms are heterotrophic (obtains energy from
the food it eats)
• Examples: mushrooms, mold, and yeast
III. The Six Kingdom System
E. Kingdom Plantae
• Organisms are eukaryotes and multicellular
• Cells are surrounded by cell walls
• Organisms are autotrophic (make their own food
through photosynthesis)
• Examples: plants, mosses, and ferns
III. The Six Kingdom System
F. Kingdom Animalia
• Organisms are multicellular with eukaryotic cells
that lack cell walls
• Organisms are heterotrophic
• Organisms reproduce sexually
• Examples: fish, insects, mammals