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Download Translation Notes 2015 - Liberty Union High School District
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Section 8.5: Translation Translation: The process of converting mRNA into proteins. Takes place on a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contains amino acids, tRNA, and ribosomes, which are all needed for protein synthesis. Q: What language does mRNA “speak?” A: mRNA speaks in “codon” Codon: A combination of 3 mRNA nucleotides. Every codon codes for a specific amino acid. Some code to “start” and “stop” translation. We use a Codon Chart to translate. Codon Chart Start and Methionine You will be given a Codon Chart…Glue this into your notebook! tRNA tRNA’s job = grab a free amino acid from the cytoplasm and take it to the mRNA in the ribosome to build a protein. Q: How does tRNA know where to take its amino acid? A: tRNA has an anti-codon that lets it find its spot on the mRNA strand. Anti-codon: A region of tRNA consisting of 3 bases complementary to the mRNA codon (A with U, G with C) This part shows mRNA coming out of a nuclear pore after transcription. his part shows mRNA onnected to two ribosomes. his part shows tRNA picking up a free amino cid, then bringing it to the mRNA & ribosome. his part shows all of he amino acids that ave been “dropped ff” by tRNAs and are ow forming a protein also known as a olypeptide chain). Steps of Translation: Step 1: The start codon (AUG) is recognized by a tRNA anticodon. Step 2: A tRNA anticodon binds to an mRNA codon and brings an amino acid with it. Step 3: tRNA anticodons keep binding to mRNA codons, forming a chain of amino acids to build a protein. Step 4: This process ends when a stop codon is reached. Stop Codons: UAA, UAG, UGA Now we’ll watch the last 2 minutes of this clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41 _Ne5mS2ls&feature=related The finished chain of amino acids form a protein! Final Result = chain of amino acids = Protein! Proteins each have a different amino acid sequence. They can be anywhere from 50 to 30000 amino acids long. They can be altered by DNA mutations. Summary Place stars next to the most important concepts or information in your notes. Create a short summary of the three most important concepts. Share your stars and summaries with your elbow partner.