Download Day 46 Macromolecules day_46_macromolecules

What are we made of?
Hydrogen (H)
 Oxygen (O)
 Nitrogen (N)
 Carbon (C)
 Phosphorus (P)
 Sulfur (S)
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make up 97% of
your body
Categories of Macromolecules
•Carbohydrates: source of energy for cells
and for energy storage; structure (cellulose)
• Lipids (fats): storage of energy (body fat);
component of cell membranes
• Proteins: perform multiple cellular
functions (structure, messengers, enzymes)
• Nucleic Acids: genetic information; carries
instructions for all cell processes.
Carbohydrates
Structure
Complex carbohydrate
(starch)
Glucose
(simple sugar)
Carbohydrates (con’t)
Used by cells as the main source of energy.
 Chemical energy is stored in carbs, and
dispensed when needed (like GLUCOSE)
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Glycogen = storage starch for an organisms
supply of glucose
Also structural roles:
cell wall of plant cells (cellulose)
 exoskeleton of some animals (chitin)
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Lipids
(Fats)
Lipids (con’t)
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Main source of stored energy
Fats also make cell membranes and
coatings (i.e. fruit coats)
Fats (fatty acids and triglycerides),
phospholipids, and steroids are the three
main categories of lipids
Structure
(Fatty Acids)
Proteins
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Present in the cells in large
amounts;
DNA stores the info to make all Proteins (con’t)
proteins an organism requires
for life
Molecules composed of amino
acids
Contain HONC!
Shape and function determined
by the order of amino acids
 20 a.a.’s are commonly found
in proteins
 humans produce 9 of the 20
 11 are essential and must be obtained from food
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Meats
 Complete and contain all of the essential
amino acids
Vegetables
 Low or are missing essential amino acids
Messengers and receivers of messages
(receptors) between cells
Help defend against disease
Enzymes
 Specialized molecules that assist reactions
occurring in cells
Nucleic
Acids
Cell Membrane