Download Nutrition Lecture Three

http://www.healthination.com/nutrition-essentials/nutrition-essentials/essentialsprotein/
WHY DOES THE BODY NEED PROTEIN?
Protein Provides amino acids called the building blocks of life.
They are needed for basic body functions
Protein is made in the body as:
•Structural proteins
•Functional proteins
STRUCTURAL PROTEIN ARE
FOUND IN TISSUE
Helps in growth and development . Helps in
building and repairing of muscles bones,
blood, skin, hair. It repairs damaged tissues
due to illness and injury.
STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
Growing Child
•bone
•brain
•all organs
•immune system
•Digestion
Adult body maintenance
• Turn over of existing tissue
intestine
 blood
 bone
 other organs
• New tissue

• Immune system
• Hair
• Skin
https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/3C298D27-1A03-4CDD-B086248C1B1A3F8E?hasLocalHost=false
https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/667B42C5-7447-4395-935BD5C3ED104ABE?hasLocalHost=false
FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS
Proteins are needed for regulation of body fluids
and hormones. Proteins help our bodies basic
functions.
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Metabolism
•Muscle contraction
•Transportation nutrients
•Creation of Enzymes
Build and maintain
tissue: Part of every
cell, needed to form
muscles, organs,
skin, nails, hair,
blood. Needed for
tissue repair and
growth
Provide Energy: If
Carbs and Lipids are
lacking in the diet it
can provide energy –
4Kcal
Regulate Mineral and
fluid balance: help
carry sodium and
potassium though
cell walls. This
regulates flow of
water and allows for
hear, lungs and brain
cells.
Functions
of
Proteins
Carry vital
Substances:
transport oxygen,
fats, iron and other
nutrients.
Maintain acid base
balance of the blood.
Make important
compounds:
Enzymes, Hormones,
Antibodies.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1-m71WRBD8
AMINO ACIDS IN DIETARY PROTEIN
Protein must first be digested or broken up into it’s
constituent Amino Acids
Protein -> Peptides -> amino acids
All proteins are polymers of amino acids and may be
hundreds of amino acids long
These include all 20 types amino acids
AMINO ACIDS
Amino acids can be classified into two groups:
essential and non-essential
There are 20 AA’s found in the body
11 Non-essential AA’s can be made by the
body
This leaves 9 essential AA’s that must be
supplied by the diet
The body must have these to grow new
tissue and maintain its health
COMPLETE AND INCOMPLETE
PROTEINS
Foods that contain all nine essential AA’s are
called complete proteins = Animal Product
Most of these sources come from animal
products, with the soybean plant also added
to the list
Foods that are short of one or more of the
essential AA’s are called incomplete proteins=
Plant Product
Most of these are found in grains and
vegetables: ground nuts, pumpkin seeds,
beans, peas, lentils
VEGETARIAN?
Combining different sources of protein will
create an essential AA (examples):
Whole wheat bread and peanut butter
Rice and red beans
Refried beans and corn tortillas
http://www.healthination.com/nutrition-essentials/nutritionessentials/essentials-soy/
HEALTH EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDED
INTAKES OF PROTEIN
Protein deficiency and excesses can be harmful
to health.
Protein deficiencies arise from protein-deficient
diets and energy-deficient diets.
This is a worldwide malnutrition problem,
especially for young children.
High-protein diets have been implicated in
several chronic diseases.
© 2008 THOMSON - WADSWORTH
HEALTH EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDED
INTAKES OF PROTEIN
Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
 Infections
 Lack of antibodies to fight infections
 Fever
 Fluid imbalances and dysentery
 Anemia
 Heart failure and possible death
 Rehabilitation
 Nutrition intervention must be cautious, slowly increasing
protein.
 Programs involving local people work better.
© 2008 THOMSON - WADSWORTH
HEALTH EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDED
INTAKES OF PROTEIN
Health Effects of Protein
 Heart Disease
 Foods high in animal protein also tend to be high in saturated
fat.
 Homocysteine levels increase cardiac risks.
 Arginine may protect against cardiac risks.
© 2008 THOMSON - WADSWORTH
HEALTH EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDED
INTAKES OF PROTEIN
Health Effects of Protein
 Cancer
 A high intake of animal protein is associated with some
cancers.
 Is the problem high protein intake or high fat intake?
 Adult Bone Loss (Osteoporosis)
 High protein intake associated with increased calcium
excretion.
 Inadequate protein intake affects bone health also.
© 2008 THOMSON - WADSWORTH
HEALTH EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDED
INTAKES OF PROTEIN
Health Effects of Protein
 Weight Control
 High-protein foods are often high-fat foods.
 Protein at each meal provides satiety.
 Adequate protein, moderate fat and sufficient carbohydrate
better support weight loss.
 Kidney Disease
 High protein intake increases the work of the kidneys.
© 2008 THOMSON - WADSWORTH
HEALTH EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDED
INTAKES OF PROTEIN
Recommended Intakes of Protein
 10-35% energy intake
 Protein RDA
 0.8 g/kg/day
 Assumptions
 People are healthy.
 Protein is mixed quality.
 The body will use protein efficiently.
© 2008 THOMSON - WADSWORTH
HEALTH EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDED
INTAKES OF PROTEIN
Protein and Amino Acid Supplements
 Many reasons for supplements
 Protein Powders have not been found to improve athletic
performance.
 Whey protein is a waste product of cheese manufacturing.
 Purified protein preparations increase the work of the kidneys.
© 2008 THOMSON - WADSWORTH
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/should-we-eat-bugs-emma-bryce
HEALTH EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDED
INTAKES OF PROTEIN
Protein and Amino Acid Supplements
 Amino Acid Supplements are not beneficial and can be harmful.
 Branched-chain amino acids provide little fuel and can be toxic
to the brain.
 Lysine appears safe in certain doses.
 Tryptophan has been used experimentally for sleep and pain,
but may result in a rare blood disorder.
© 2008 THOMSON - WADSWORTH
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-makes-muscles-grow-jeffrey-siegel