Download Organic Molecules - DuBois Area School District

Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates
• AKA Sugars
• Monomer: Monosaccharide (single sugar)
• Structure: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
1:2:1
Glucose
Sucrose
C6H12O6
C12H22O11
***Dehydration synthesis
Carbohydrates (Cont.)
• Uses:
1) Energy source for living things
2) Structural purposes
Cell wall – Plants – Made of cellulose
Insect Exoskeleton – Chitin
Carbohydrates (Cont.)
• Types/Examples:
1) Monosaccharides – Single sugar
C6H12O6
2) Disaccharide – Two sugars
C12H22O11
3) Polysaccharide – Many sugars
Long chains of hundreds
Carbohydrates (Cont.)
• Examples of Polysaccharides
1) Starch (Plants) / Glycogen (Animals)
Long chains of glucose – Short term
sugar storage
2) Cellulose
Thousands of glucose molecules
Makes up the cell wall *Humans can’t
digest
Lipids
• AKA Fats, Oils, Waxes
• Monomer: Glycerol
and Fatty Acids
• Structure: Non-polar
molecules
Composed of C, H,and
O
Lipids (Cont.)
• Uses:
1) Energy storage
2) Make up cell membrane
3) Waterproof coverings
4) Chemical messengers
Lipids (Cont.)
Saturated Fats:
Maximum # of H
NO DOUBLE BOND
Clog arteries
Come from animals
Unsaturated Fats:
Not saturated with H
Contains a double bond
Do not clog arteries
Come from plants
Polyunsaturated:
More than one double bond
Proteins
• Monomer: Amino Acids
• Structure:
Long chains of amino acids
Composed mostly of COHN
There are only 20 different amino acids
Works like the alphabet
All are exactly the same except for the
side group
Proteins (Cont.)
• Uses:
1) Control rate of reaction (Enzymes)
2) Regulate cell processes (Hormones)
3) Movement (Muscles)
4) Structure (Tendons/Cartilage)
5) Transport substances (Hemoglobin)
6) Fight disease (Antibodies)
Proteins (Cont.)
• Examples: See
previous slide
Enzymes – Speed up
chemical reactions
Lock and Key Model
Nucleic Acids
• Monomer: Nucleotides
• Structure:
Nucleic Acids (Cont.)
• Uses: Store and
transmit genetic info
• Types/Examples:
DNA
RNA
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Function
Blueprint for life Carries DNA
info from
nucleus out to
other cell parts