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Download Organic Molecules - District 273 Technology Services
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Organic Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbon – Magic Atom • Basis of life as we know it (“organic”) • 4 valence electrons = 4 available bonds • Bonds to many other elements including itself • Single, double or triple covalent bonds • Most versatile bonding element Organic • • • • • • Contain carbon Capable of 1 or more bonds In rings and/or chains Contains functional groups All may form polymers (macromolecules) Built by dehydration synthesis (anabolic) and reduced by hydrolysis (catabolic) • Catalyzed by enzymes Organic Polymers=Macromolecules Functional chemical groups Isomers Carbohydrates • Polymers of monosaccharides (simple sugars) C6H12O6 = glucose sugar • Disaccharides C12H22O11 = sucrose sugar • Polysaccharides = starches, cellulose, pectins, and glycogen • CH2O arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Glucose for energy/transport disaccharides/ convert to fat, glycogen or starch for storage Lipids • • • • Fats, oils and waxes C, H, O in different ratios than carbohydrates Polymers of triglycerides form fats Triglycerides made of 1 glycerol (3-Carbon alcohol) and 3 fatty acids (end in –COOH) • Insoluble in water because non-polar • Energy storage molecules • Includes phospholipids, terpenes, steroids (hormones), and prostaglandins Proteins • Polymers of amino acids (20 different; amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and radical group) • Structural molecules (fibrous proteins like keratin, collagen, and actin/myosin) and enzymes (globular proteins like antibodies) • Peptide bonds are covalent links between amino acids (polypeptides) • C, H, O, and N Nucleic Acids • Polymers of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases) • Store heredity and pass it on • C, H, O, N, and P • Discussed later Quiz Question #1 Name an isomer of glucose. Fructose and galactose are monosaccharide isomers of glucose Question #2 Ear wax and sunflower oil are examples of which type of organic molecule? Lipids !!!! Question #3 -NH2 is which functional chemical group? Amino group ! Question #4 Organic polymers are formed by what chemical process? Dehydration synthesis Question #5 Which organic molecules carry our heredity? Nucleic acids Question #6 Glycogen in animals carries out the same function as which substance in plants? Starch ! Question #7 What kind of proteins carry out structural roles? Fibrous proteins like keratin in hair and fingernails Question #8 What kind of bond joins the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another? That would be a peptide bond! Question #9 Nitrogen is found in which organic molecule? That could be a protein or a nucleic acid ! Question #10 Give an example of a disaccharide that you might use in cooking. Sucrose, table sugar.
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