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1. Types of nucleic acids NUCLEIC ACIDS a. DNA: In nucleus but some in the mitochondria • Replicated to form copy of DNA in cell division; • Transcribed to form RNA proteins b. RNA: In nucleus and mitochondria and cytoplasm. • rRNA – ribosomal RNA for ribosome for translation of mRNA to form protein • mRNA – messenger RNA translated to from protein • miRNA – microRNA chemically processed to a for than can bind to mRNA and inhibit translation or to DNA and alter transcription 5’ ds-DNA RNA polymerase I rRNA gene (in nucleolus) RNA polymerase III RNA polymerase II mRNA gene tRNA, miRNA genes 3’ Template, -, sense 3’ pre-rRNA 5’ pre-tRNA, miRNA pre-mRNA ribosomal subunits Nucleus Nuclear membrane Cytoplasm mRNA tRNA miRNA 40s Ribosome during translation Dicer tRNA tRNA A site P site incoming growing amino acid peptide protein 60s RISC RISC siRNA ribosome mitochondrion cell membrane cytoplasm cytosol dsDNA ribosome subunits lysosome ER bound ribosome m7G tRNA pre-rRNA pre-tRNA pre-miRNA mRNA Rough endo. reticulum Signal Recog Part. SRP Receptor pre-mRNA Mitochondrial DNA, RNA peroxisome ER free ribosome ER-attached ribosome Translation post-trans modification smooth endoplasmic reticulum free ribosome cell membrane protein Golgi complex
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