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Digestive System Chemical Digestion of Food Submaxillary Gland The Small Intestine. It is a tube 3cm in diameter and 7m long. The small intestine is divided into three parts: • Duodenum – 1st 25cm • Jejunum – 2m long • Ileum – 5m long The Large Intestine or Colon Tube 1 7cm in diameter. 1/2m long An upside down “U” Sugars – The Simplest Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are the simple (single sugars) Ex.: Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose. Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides linked together. Ex.: Glucose + glucose Maltose Glucose + fructose Sucrose Sugars – the simplest sugars (continued) Polysaccharides are composed of many monosaccharides joined together into long chains. Ex.: glucose + glucose + glucose + glucose Starch (there could be hundreds of monosaccharides joined together). Other examples of polysaccharides are: glycogen (animal starch), cellulose, and pectin (can not be digested in humans) Modern Biology, 1987 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates - Starches Chains of Amino Acids Proteins Fats (Lipids) Digestion of Carbohydrates Digestion of Protein Digestion of Fats Digestion in Humans Organ Mouth Major Physical Activities Chewing Grinding Moistening Major Chemical Action Starch→ Disaccharide Digestion in Humans Organ Esophagus Major Physical Activities Persistalsis Moistening Major Chemical Action None Digestion in Humans Organ Stomach Major Physical Activities Moistening Churning Peristalsis Twisting Major Chemical Action Proteins → Smaller Chains of Amino Acids Digestion in Humans Organ Major Physical Activities Major Chemical Action From Pancreas: Peristalsis Small Intestine Fat Starch→ Disaccharide Emulsification Most nutrient Proteins → Smaller ABSORPTION Chains of A.A. Digestion in Humans Organ Small Intestine (cont’d) Major Physical Activities Major Chemical Action Smaller Chains → Free Of A.A. A.A. Fats → Fatty acids and glycerol Digestion in Humans Organ Small Intestine (cont’d) Major Physical Activities Major Chemical Action Dis’rides → Monos’rides Maltose → Glucose Digestion in Humans Organ Small Intestine (cont’d) Major Physical Activities Major Chemical Action Lactose → Glucose Sucrose → Glucose Digestion in Humans Organ Major Physical Activities Major Chemical Action Peristalsis Large Intestine Water Absorption Waste Elimination Some vitamins (B12) are synthesized here. How Your Body Works, p. 118 How the Body Works, p. 119 How Your Body Works, p. 116. How Your Body Works, p. 116
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