* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Prentice Hall Biology
Survey
Document related concepts
Mitochondrion wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide wikipedia , lookup
Butyric acid wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Section 9-1 Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration I. Overview of Cellular Respiration (Know sequence of events) Definition – The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down _______ and other food molecules in the presence of ________ (_________). This is an _______ reaction. NAD+ acts as the electron carrier (NAD – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Occurs in all eukaryotic cells. 6O2 + C6H12O6 Go to Section: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O = Energy (36 ATP) Section 8-1 ATP – ____________ ________________ Supplies energy for all cellular processes _________ Go to Section: __________ 3 _______ ________ Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery Section 8-1 ADP – ____ ______ ATP – ____ ______ Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Partially charged battery Go to Section: Energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Fully charged battery Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview Section 9-1 Electrons carried in NADH Mitochondrion Pyruvic acid Glucose Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Go to Section: Section 9-1 Glycolysis O2 present No O2 present Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Go to Section: Fermentation Alcohol Lactic Acid 1st step – Glycolysis is when one molecule of ________ is broken in _____, producing two molecules of _______ acid, a 3-C compound. If oxygen is present then pyruvic acid enters _____ Cycle If no oxygen then pyruvic acid enters ____________ process Go to Section: Section 9-2 II. Glycolysis – occurs in the cytoplasm A. Starting molecule is glucose B. ATP Production – __ ATPs are needed at beginning, but 4 are produced, total of 2 net gain for the cell. C. _____ is a carrier for electrons to the electron transport chain (____). D. 1 glucose = 2 pyruvic acid + 2 ATP = 2 NADH E. Total ATP = ___ Go to Section: Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain Go to Section: III. Fermentation A. Anaerobic – ___ _____ ______ 1. Alcoholic fermentation by yeast and some bacteria Pyruvic acid = _______ alcohol + CO2 + ____+ _______ dioxide causes bread to rise, heat in baking evaporates any alcohol. Used to produce beer and wine Go to Section: 2. Lactic acid fermentation ______ acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD+ Produced in muscles during _________ exercise when the body cannot supply enough _______. Leads to soreness. Unicellular organisms ferment food and beverages. Ex: yogurt, _______, buttermilk, sour cream, pickles, sauerkraut Go to Section: Chemical Pathways Section 9-1 Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Fermentation (without oxygen) Go to Section: Electron transport Alcohol or lactic acid IV. ______ Cycle •2nd step, occurs in ______________ •Starts with pyruvic acid and gives off ________ dioxide •Energizes NAD+ to form NADH (_________ carriers) high energy •Results: – High energy carriers (NADH and FADH2) take __________ to ETC – Carbon dioxide is breathed out – 2 _____ formed Go to Section: Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 OAA – Oxaloacetate is a 4 Carbon molecule with low energy FADH2 – Flavin adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion Succinate – 4 carbon compound with energy OAA succinate Alpha-ketogluterate Go to Section: NADH – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen Section 9-1 Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Fermentation (without oxygen) Go to Section: Electron transport Alcohol or lactic acid V. Electron __________Chain (ETC) – 3rd step Occurs between __________ in the mitochondria in all animals, plants and _____________ Uses high energy electrons (stored in NADH and ______2) from Krebs to convert ____ to ATP. Carrier proteins ________ in the mitochondrial membrane pass high-energy ________ along and ______ H+ into the intermembrane space Oxygen is the final electron ________ and combines with hydrogen to form water Go to Section: As the amount of H+ builds in the __________ space, one H+ rushes back across the ______ membrane causes ATP synthase to spin, reenergizing ADP to _____. Each pair of e- generate enough energy to _______ 3 ADP to 3 ATP. Total ATP = ______ Total ATP generated in all steps of ________ = 36 Go to Section: Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production Go to Section: Go to Section: VI. Energy and Exercise Cells normally contain enough _____ for a few seconds of intense activity. After 90 seconds, cellular respiration supplies ATP For long-term activity,__________stored in the muscle is burned and lasts 15-20 minutes. After that, other ___________ such as fat are burned for energy (aerobics, running & swimming) Need to breathe ______ after exercise to repay oxygen debt and rid body of ______ acid Go to Section: Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Go to Section: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) VI. Comparing ____________ and Cellular Respiration See figure ________ Photosynthesis does not release energy from glucose ____________ removes CO2 and _________ returns it. ________ in photosynthesis is _______ in respiration. Go to Section: