Download Biochemistry I

Biochemistry I
Topic Review
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Levels of complexity in the cell
Why is life Carbon-based?
Key functional groups
Properties of water: hydrophobic exclusion,
buffering, bonding
• Bioenergetics: key equations,
thermodynamics vs kinetics, activation energy,
calculating Keq and ΔG
• Proteins: amino acids, R-groups and
properties, isoelectric points, peptide bonds
• Protein Purification and characterization:
types of chromatography, gel electrophoresis,
activity and specific activity
• Protein Structure: levels of structure,
constraints on folding
• Secondary Structures: alpha helices and beta
sheets
• The problem of protein folding
• Determining protein structure: x-ray
crystallography and NMR
• Folding, Denaturation, and cooking
• Misfolding diseases
• Protein Binding: lock-and-key vs induced fit,
equations of binding, cooperativity!
• Immune functions and ELISA
• Muscle movement and function
• Nucleotides: composition and base-pairing
• DNA structure and discovery
• Central Dogma of Molecular Biology:
replication, transcription, translation
• Mutation: causes and consequences
• DNA Cloning: process and tools
• PCR, DNA electrophoresis, and DNA
sequencing methods
• DNA Fingerprinting and DNA Microarrays
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Carbohydrates: structure, epimers, and L vs D
Sugar cyclization and polysaccharides
Lipids: Fatty acid structure, classes of lipids
Lipids: membrane lipids and cholesterol
Enzymes: what do they do? How to stabilize
TS?
• Enzyme kinetics: equations and behavior,
distinguishing mechanisms and inhibitors
• Glycolysis! Pathway and mechanisms, energy
yield
• Fermentation; anaerobic vs aerobic exercise
• TCA Cycle! Pathway and mechanisms, energy
yield, tracking radioactive carbons
• Regulation of catabolism
• Gluconeogenesis pathways and regulation of
PFK-1
• Electron Transport Chain: entry, e- transport,
proton and ATP yield, inhibitors
• ATP Synthase and oxidative phosphorylation
• Uncouplers
• Lipid Catabolism: beta oxidation pathway,
energy
• Starvation and ketone bodies
• Protein catabolism: amino transfer and the
urea cycle
• Photosynthesis: light reactions and carbon
fixation