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Show Goat Nutrition
Gary Lynch, Ph.D.
Land O’Lakes Purina Feed
INTRODUCTION
• Nutritional requirements
• Management Factors
• Hot Topics
• Products
GOATS ARE MOST LIKE?
• Ruminants
– But Not Little Cows
• Browsers
• Feeding for Show: Want
to Maximize Growth,
muscling and “beauty”.
#1
#2
#3
“OUT”
REQUIREMENTS:
•Protein
•Fiber
•Energy – Carbohydrates
and Fat
•Vitamin and Minerals
•Water
A Well Balanced Diet:
FEED DIGESTION IN GOATS
Microorganisms
Undigested Feed Particles
Rumen
Stomach
Blood Amino Acids
Blood Fatty Acids, etc.
THE RUMEN
• Huge microbial fermentation vat
• In one mL of rumen fluid you would find

10 billion bacteria

1 million protozoa

10 thousand fungi
• Two main types of microbes

Fiber digesting

Starch digesting
FEED DIGESTION IN GOATS
Microorganisms
Undigested Feed Particles
Rumen
Stomach
Blood Amino Acids
Blood Fatty Acids, etc.
WHEN RUMEN BUGS
GO BAD…………
It’s not their fault – it’s what
they are fed!
PROBLEMS/DISEASES
OF THE RUMINANT
• ACIDOSIS
• Acute - Too much grain at one time/meal

Lots of grain results in high volatile fatty acid
production
• Sub-acute - High concentrate diet

Low roughage

Reduced saliva/buffer production

Variable intake
WHAT HAPPENS TO MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AT DIFFERENT pH
PROBLEMS/DISEASES
OF THE RUMINANT
• BLOAT
– Carbon dioxide & methane build-up
– Blockage not allowing animal to belch
• FROTHY BLOAT
– Carbon dioxide & methane
– Bubbles are hard to pop
Bloat
PROTEIN
(AMINO ACIDS)
•
The building blocks for muscle
•
Required for milk protein (casein)
•
From two sources:
–
Dietary and rumen microbes
•
Require “amount” not “percent”
•
% fed dependant on feed intake and
forage quality
KID GOAT – 40 LB
•
1.1 lb/day DM intake (.500 kg), gain 0.33
lb/day
•
Protein:
–
80 grams required
80 / 500 = 16% protein
•
Most Kid Goat Starter/grower diets are 16
– 18% protein
•
Once 50 lb +, 15-16% is more than
adequate
FIBER
• An energy source
• Structural carbohydrates:
– Cellulose, hemi-cellulose
• Ruminant are designed to utilize fiber
• Fiber (structural carbohydrates) required for
healthy rumen fermentation
• Fiber is an expensive component in feeds
FAT
(ENERGY)
• Not routinely supplemented –
• Provides extra energy
– Part of grains in diet
– 2-3% of standard diets
• Higher fat diets can be fed to dairy and
meat/show goats
–3–4%
– Fatty acids will improve hair coat
ENERGY
• From:
– Fiber (structural CHO)
– Grains / starch (non-structural CHO)
– Fat
– Protein
MINERALS IN GOAT NUTRITION
• Macro Minerals:
– Ca, P, Mg, K
– Ca:P
2 : 1 ratio
• Trace Minerals
– Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium,
cobalt, chromium?
MINERAL INTERACTIONS
S Na P
F
As
Zn
Key Interactions
K
Ca
P
Co
K
Mg
Mo, S
Cu
Fe
Zn
Cu
Fe
Zn, Cu
Se
Mg
Ca
I
Mo
Cu
Mn
Cl
VITAMINS
• Microbes in the rumen will synthesize
B-vitamins
• Supplement fat-soluble vitamins
– Vitamin A, E and D3
• Vitamin E requirements have increased
with the new NRC nutrient guidelines
NUTRITIONAL HOT TOPIC:
• Copper!
– Goats Need More Than Sheep
Sheep Need 8-10 Ppm Total Diet
– How Much Is Enough for Goats?
– 15-25 ppm copper
FEEDING
• Goats are ruminants
– Productivity depends on rumen function and the
ability of rumen microbes to digest fiber, carbs
and protein and subsequently, to supply the
animal with needed nutrients
– Increase grain levels slowly to avoid acidosis
– Limit feeding of grains in order to maintain an
optimum pH in the rumen on rumen function and
the ability of rumen microbes to digest fiber,
carbs and protein and subsequently, to supply the
animal with needed nutrients
– Complete high-fiber pelleted diets help avoid
sorting and reduce the potential for acidosis.
PELLETED DIETS
• Goats – Don’t like Pellets?????
– Not True
• Goats eat what they are acustomed to
• Goats – very good at sorting feed
• Grains are more palatable
• Long pellets – not as palatable
DRY MATTER FEED INTAKE
• Goats will consume 3 – 7.0% of their body
weight per day
– 50 lb kid: 1.5 - 2 lb per day
– 150 lb doe: 2 – 3 lb per day
• Goats require “amounts” of nutrients, not
percentages
MEDICATED DIETS FOR KIDS
• YES!
• Medications limited for goats
• Coccidiostats approved – recommended
for kids, especially on dry-lot programs
– Deccox
– Rumensin
NUTRITIONAL HOT TOPICS:
Urinary Calculi!
• Formation of Large Crystals in Urethra
Female
Male
MANAGEMENT FACTORS:
• Early Castration
• Water Provision
• Salt Availability
• Breed – Pygmies
Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS:
• HIGH Phosphorus (P)
• Calcium to :P Imbalance
• Urinary Acidifier
– Ammonium Chloride
GOAT MINERAL
• Properly Formulated for all Breeds at All Life-Stages
• Mineral Balance to Enhance Available Forages
• Goat Specific Formula (same as 25# formula)
– 1.2:1 Ca to P
– Copper = “No Sheep”
– Encourage H20 consumption for urinary health
• “Wind & Rain” technology
• 25# Bag
SUMMARY
• Goats are Unique
• Manage for Success
• Have Fun!
• Now, Here’s KGB on Products!
FEEDING GOATS FOR
SHOW
Dr. Kevin Burgoon
Nutritionist
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
• Factors affecting nutrient requirements
– Gender (sex of animal)
– Stage of growth
– Performance (growth vs visual)
– Lean growth potential
– Environment
– Health Status
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Avg
Animal
Top 10%
(Show animals)
HSC SHOWGOAT PROGRAM
• N-Timidator Goat Ration R-20
• X-Clamation Goat DX
HIGH OCTANE SUPPLEMENTS
• POWER FUEL
– Improve cover
– Improve feed efficiency
– Improve circulation & respiratory systems
– 4 to 8 ounces per day
• CHAMPION DRIVE
– Improve top shape
– Improve muscle definition
– 8 ounces per day
PUSHING
• N-Timidator / HSC X-Clamation 4% of
bodyweight
• ½ lbs per day (or more) High Octane Power
Fuel
• ½ lbs per day Champion Drive Topdress
LIMITING WEIGHT GAIN
• N-Timidator / HSC X-Clamation 1 to 1 1/2 lbs
per day
• High Octane Power Fuel ¼ lbs per day
• Champion Drive Topdress ¼ lbs per day
ADDED DIMENSION
• More cover – Power Fuel
• More top – Champion Drive
Questions
?