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Transcript 
Recap of Fermentations
First part of glycolysis:
Glucose -> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH
Completing the fermentation:
Lactic fermentation
2 pyruvate + 2 NADH -> 2 lactate
Ethanolic fermentation
2 pyruvate + 2 NADH -> 2 ethanol + 2 CO2
Recap of Fermentations, cont.
Completing the fermentation:
Mixed acid fermentation
pyruvate -> acetate + ATP + HCOOH (phosphoroclastic rxn)
pyruvate + 2 NADH -> ethanol + HCOOH
HCOOH -> H2 + CO2 (under acidic conditions)
This fermentation can also include production
of succinate, lactate, or butylene glycol
2 pyruvate + 2 NADH ->
CH3CHOHCHOHCH3 + HCOOH + CO2
Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
• In aerobic respiration, O2 is the terminal
electron acceptor
• Energy is captured by electron transport
–
–
–
–
NAD reduction (NADH dehydrogenases)
Flavoproteins
Iron-sulfur proteins
cytochromes
Flavine mononucleotide (FMN)
Heme prosthetic group
Cytochrome with heme
Iron-sulfur proteins (Fe2S2)
Iron-sulfur protein (Fe4S4)
Quinones (coenzyme Q)
Membrane localization of
electron carriers
NDH: NAD dehydrogenase
Flavoprotein (H and e)
NHFe (non-heme iron-sulfur), e only
Q: coenzyme Q (H and e)
Cytochromes (e only)
ATPase
Citric acid cycle
• Pyruvate is oxidatively (NADH) cleaved to acetylCoA plus CO2 (refer to page 127)
– Acetyl-CoA is a 2-carbon fragment (acetate) bound to a
carrier (membrane-insoluble)
• 1 acetate is oxidized with each pass around the
cycle, generating 4 pairs of electrons (2 NADH, 1
NADPH, and 1 FADH2) and 1 GTP
• The 4 electron-pairs can be passed to the electrontransport chain
Acetyl coenzyme A
Electron Transport from NADH,
FADH2
Energy Balance Sheet
• Fermentation: 2 or 3 ATP per glucose
• Respiration, glycolysis:
– Glucose -> 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP
– 2 NADH -> 6 ATP
• Respiration, citric-acid cycle:
– 2 pyruvate -> 8 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP
– 8 NADH (from acetate) -> 24 ATP
– 2 FADH2 -> 4 ATP
• Respiration, total: 38 ATP per mole of glucose
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Chemolithotrophic respiration
Phototrophic metabolism
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