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Carbon cycle – units = Gt C = 10 15 g C Carbon dioxide 1 2 3 Pathways of Nitrogen N2 Molecular Nitrogen Denitrification NO2-1 Nitrite NO3-1 Nitrate Nitrification Amino Acids Organic Nitrogen NH4+ Ammonium ion / Ammonia Nitrogen Fixing N2 Molecular Nitrogen Denitrification NO2-1 Nitrite NO3-1 Nitrate Nitrification Amino Acids Organic Nitrogen NH4+ Ammonium ion / Ammonia Nitrification N2 Molecular Nitrogen Denitrification NO2-1 Nitrite NO3-1 Nitrate Nitrification Amino Acids Organic Nitrogen NH4+ Ammonium ion / Ammonia Nitrification • NO2-1 -> NO3-1 and NH4+ -> NO2-1 • Oxidizing nitrogen • Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus Incorporation/Assimilation N2 Molecular Nitrogen Denitrification NO2-1 Nitrite NO3-1 Nitrate Nitrification Amino Acids Organic Nitrogen NH4+ Ammonium ion / Ammonia Ammonification N2 Molecular Nitrogen Denitrification NO2-1 Nitrite NO3-1 Nitrate Nitrification Amino Acids Organic Nitrogen NH4+ Ammonium ion / Ammonia Denitrification N2 Molecular Nitrogen Denitrification NO2-1 Nitrite NO3-1 Nitrate Nitrification Amino Acids Organic Nitrogen NH4+ Ammonium ion / Ammonia Human impacts on the Earth’s ecosystems Biotic addition and loses Land transformation Global biochemistry Climate change Ecosystem services Definition: refers to all the processes through which natural ecosystems and the species they contain help sustain human life on this planet. Examples: Purification of air and water, mitigation of droughts and floods, generation and preservation of soils and soil fertility, detoxification and decomposition of wastes, pollination of crops and natural vegetation, dispersal of seeds
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