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Chapter 11
Anesthetics
Anesthetics


Defined as a group of drugs used to
block the transmission of nerve
conduction so that the sensation of pain
is not perceived by the brain
Two classifications


General
Regional
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General Anesthetics

Produce balanced anesthesia


Gas and injection
Prevent pain during surgery
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Administration of Anesthetics

Administered



Gas or volatile liquid–inhalation
Injection
Surgery–secession of use


Induction gas—first stage
Intravenous injection—second stage
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Risks of Gas Anesthetics




Most are explosive
Nausea and vomiting
Coughing
Renal and liver toxicity
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Risks of Injected Anesthetics



Blood pressure changes
Emergence delirium
Malignant hyperthermia
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Regional Anesthesia

Local

Extent anesthetized


Surface area
Drug concentration
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Adjuncts to General Anesthesia



Narcotic opioid analgesics
Benzodiazepines
Antiemetics
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Presurgical Nursing Interventions

Administer preanesthetic medications





Provide safety.
Monitor vital signs.
Maintain NPO status.
Educate the client.
Promote confidence.
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Postsurgical Nursing Interventions





Monitor for hypotension.
Monitor for rapid pulse rate.
Monitor for gastrointestinal upset.
Monitor for urinary retention.
Monitor for hyperthermia.
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.