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The Organization of a Crime Lab What is the name of the system operating in Alabama? Affiliations • • • • Police Department District Attorney’s Office Medical Examiner or Coroner Universities Why has there been such an increase in the number of labs in the last 40 years? • Supreme court decisions in the 1960’s placed a greater emphasis on securing scientifically evaluated evidence. (Confessions are no longer a routine investigating tool.) • Increasing crime rate (However, except for drug cases, only a small percentage of police investigations require scientific investigation of evidence.) • Uncontrollable drug use – each case requires confirmatory analysis • Advent of DNA Profiling Major Federal Crime Labs • FBI (Department of Justice) • Drug Enforcement Administration Laboratories- regulate the production, sale and transportation of drugs • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives • U.S. Postal Inspection Service Crime Lab Services • Full-Service Labs Physical Science Unit –analysis of drugs, soil, trace evidence . Biology Unit- DNA profiling, comparison of hair and fibers and botanical materials. Full-Service Lab • Firearms Unit-examination of firearms, ammunition, tools • Document Examination Unit • Photography Unit Optional Services: Toxicology (body fluids and organs examined for traces of drugs and/or poison), Latent Fingerprint, Polygraph, Voiceprint Analysis Unit, Evidence Collection Unit