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Chapter 5 Drugs Drug – natural or synthetic substance used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans More than 75% of the evidence evaluated by crime labs in the US is drug related. Two types of dependence Psychological dependence – using drugs because of emotional needs Physical dependence – physical need for a drug because of regular use. Characterized by withdrawn sickness when they stop taking the drug. A person may develop a tolerance to drugs over time Drug levels Drug levels can be categorized as: Normal Therapeutic Toxic Lethal Types of Drugs Narcotic – induces sleep and depresses vital body functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate. Opiates – pain killers Analgesics – a substance that lessens or eliminates pain Examples: Heroin, morphine, codeine Synthetic opiates – not naturally derived from opium Example: Methadone, OxyContin Hallucinogens – cause alterations in normal thought processes, perceptions,and moods. Examples: LSD, PCP Depressants – slow down or depress the central nervous system Examples: Alcohol, barbiturates (downers), antipsychotics, antianxiety, huffing (sniffing volatile solvents) Stimulants – stimulate or speed up the central nervous system Amphetamines (uppers or speed), Cocaine Anabolic steroids – chemically related to testosterone and promotes muscle growth Club drugs – synthetic drugs used at nightclubs, bars, and raves GHB, Rohypnol, ketamine, methamphetamine (Ecstacy)