Download Drug dependence

Drug
dependence
Kinds of drug
dependence
Psychological
 Physical
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Common drugs of abuse
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Alcohol (ethyl, liquor, drink, booze, sauce,
hooch)
Amphethamines (speed, uppers, bennies)
Barbiturates (downers, goofballs)
Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers)
Cocaine (coke, crack, snow)
Heroin (horse, junk, smack, scag, H)
LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide, acid)
Marijuana (Cannabis, grass, pot, dope, weed,
hash)
Nicotine
Alcohol (ethyl, liquor, drink, booze,
sauce, hooch)
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Drug category – CNS depressant; sedative
Short – term effects (in moderate quantities it gives a feeling
of relaxation and confidence, dilates small blood vessels, with
increasing amounts concentration and judgments are
progressively impaired)
Long term effects (liver diseases, coronary heart disease,
high BP, strokes, peptic ulcers, dementia, depression, anxiety)
Signs of abuse: changes in drinking pattern, in drinking
habits, personality changes, neglect of personal appearance,
poor eating habits, memory “lapses”
Physical symptoms include nausea, vomiting, shaking in the
morning, abdominal pain, cramps, weakness in the legs and
hands, face redness, incontinence.
Amphethamines (speed, uppers,
bennies)
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Drug category: CNS stimulant
Legitimate uses: appetite suppressants, for
attention deficit disorders
Short – term effects: mental alertness, physical
energy (in small doses), tremor, sweating,
anxiety,headache, palpitation (at high doses)
delusions, seizures, coma (very large doses).
Long – term effects: weight loss, constipation,
severe depression, suicide, heart failure, reduced
resistance to infections
Signs of abuse: restlessness, agitation, lack of
interest in food, unusual sleeping patterns
Barbiturates (downers, goofballs)
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Drug category: CNS depressant, sedative
Legitimate uses: sleeping drugs, epilepsy
treatment
Short – term effects: relaxation, impaired
coordination, slurred speech, confusion,
coma, death
Long – term effects: irritability, nightmares,
nausea, vomiting, weakness, tremor, chest
infections
Signs of abuse: memory “lapses”, neglect
of personal appearance, personality
changes, episodes of severe depression
High doses taken with alcohol can lead to
a fatal coma
Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers)
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Drug category: CNS depressants
Legitimate uses: for short – term treatment of anxiety,
for relief of sleeplessness, in anesthesia, management
of alcohol withdrawal, control of seizures, relief of
muscle spasms
Short – term effects: reduce mental activity and
anxiety, slow body’s reaction, induce sleep
Long – term effects: they loose their sedative effect
with long – term use
Withdrawal symptoms: anxiety, panic attacks,
palpitations, shaking, insomnia, headaches, dizziness,
aches and pains, nausea, loss of appetite, clumsiness
Cocaine (coke, crack, snow)
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Drug category: CNS stimulant, local anesthetic
Legitimate uses: for topical anesthesia in the
mouth and throat prior top minor surgery
Short – term effects: it overcomes fatigue,
appetite is reduced, produces feelings of well –
being, increases heart rate and BP.
Long – term effects: restlessness, anxiety,
insomnia, nausea, weight loss, paranoia, psychosis
Signs of abuse: disturbed eating and sleeping
patterns, agitation, mood swings, aggressive
behavior, suspiciousness of other people
Psychologic dependence may occur after the
first use
Heroin (horse, junk, smack, scag, H)
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Drug category: CNS depressant
Legitimate uses: exclusively for the
management of severe forms of pain
Short – term effects: a feeling of well being
and contentment, pain is dulled
Long – term effects:constipation, reduced
sexual drive, disruption of menstrual
periods, poor eating habits.
Signs of abuse: apathy, neglect of
personal appearance and hygiene, loss of
appetite and weight, loss of interest in
former hobbies and social activities,
personal changes.
LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide, acid)
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Drug category: Hallucinogen
Legitimate uses: can be used in
psychotherapy
Short – term effects: restlessness,
dizziness, a feeling of coldness with
shivering, uncontrollable desire to laugh,
distortions in perception of sound and
vision.
Long – term effects: mental disturbances
and severe depression.
Signs of abuse: overexcitement,
confusion.
Marijuana (Cannabis, grass, pot,
dope, weed, hash)
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Drug category: CNS depressant, hallucinogen,
anti - emetic
Legitimate uses: for the relief of nausea and
vomiting caused by treatment with anticancer
drugs.
Short – term effects: a feeling of relaxation, wellbeing, it increases talkativeness, appetite is usually
increased
Long – term effects: increases the risk of lung
diseases, it reduces fertility in both men and
women.
Signs of abuse: unusual talkativeness, increased
appetite.
Nicotine
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Drug category: CNS stimulant
Short – term effects: it increases
concentration, relieves tension and fatigue,
increases in heart rate and blood pressure,
it reduces in urine output.
Long – term effects: it cause a rise in fatty
acids in the bloodstream, it increases the
risk of heart diseases and stroke, peptic
ulcers, it may cause chronic lung diseases
and cancer
Signs of abuse: yellow, tobacco – stained
fingers and teeth and bad breath
Interventions for substance
related disorders
Hospitalization
 Pharmacotherapy
 Individual therapy
 Group therapy
 Self – help groups (Alcoholics
Anonymous, Alanon, Alateen)
 Employee assistance programs
 Family therapy
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