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Artemisinin resistance Plasmodium falciparum marker, K13, polymorphisms in Kenya’s coastal region Zaydah Rolande de Laurent Supervisors: George Obiero 1 Isabella Oyier 1, 2 1 University of Nairobi, 2 KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Introduction Malaria remains a killer disease despite all the advancement to control it with up to half a million deaths per year worldwide. Control measures such as bed nets, deployment of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) and unprecedented funding has led to a decline in malaria incidences and prevalence in sub Saharan Africa and southeast Asia. The emergence of drug resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives poses a 2 major threat to malaria control and elimination. Resistance to artemisinin is exhibited as reduced parasite clearance 5 following treatment, usually parasite detection 3 days after treatment. Non-synonymous polymorphisms in the K13 gene are responsible for artemisinin resistance with C580Y being the most predominant SNP reported in Asia. In Africa, no predominant SNP has been reported however M476I from an in vitro study has been shown to reduce parasite clearance following treatment P. Falciparum 3D model of the K13-propeller domain showing the six kelch blades numbered 1 to 6 from N to C terminus (Rogers & Genton, 2014) Objectives Determine temporal distribution of K13 gene in Kilifi county Define the mutations in the K13 gene in Kilifi county Compare the frequency of mutations in the K13 gene before and after introduction of ACT Hypothesis There are no mutations in the K13 gene Justification for the study ACTs are our last line of treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Treatment failures of formerly used drugs such as Methods Blood sample DNA Extraction Nested PCR Electrophoresis chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine are proof that there is need to continually check for efficacy of artemisinin and it’s derivatives so as to ensure we are not caught of guard but maintain vigilance in monitoring artemisinin efficacy and any changes in the parasite’s genotype. Capillary sequencing Data analysis CENTRE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS (CEBIB), UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI