Download Chapter 21 Yellow GTG

Effects of Tobacco
Use
Nicotine
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Addictive drug – a substance that causes
physiological or psychological dependence
Stimulant – a drug that increases the action of
the central nervous system, the heart, and other
organs
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Raises blood pressure
Increases heart rate
Contributes to heart disease and stroke
Cigarette Smoke
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Cigarette Smoke is a Class A Carcinogen (EPA, 1992)
 Carcinogen – cancer-causing substance
Tar
 A thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
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Destroys cilia – tiny hairlike structures that line the upper airways
and protect against infection
Damages the alveoli (air sacs) – which absorb oxygen and rid the
body of carbon dioxide
Destroys lung tissue
 More susceptible to diseases like bronchitis, pneumonia,
emphysema, and cancer

Carbon Monoxide
 A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas
 It is easier for blood to hold carbon monoxide instead of
oxygen
Tar Coated Lung
Harmful Effects of Pipes and Cigars
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Cigars contain more nicotine and produce
more tar and carbon monoxide than
cigarettes
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Nicotine in 1 cigar = nicotine in 1 pack of
cigarettes
Increased risk of developing cancers of the
lip, mouth, and throat
Harmful Effects of Smokeless
Tobacco
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Smokeless tobacco – tobacco that is sniffed
through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed
NOT safe!!! – contain 28 carcinogens
Delivers nicotine two to three the amount
delivered by a single cigarette
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Dips/chew 8 to 10 = smoking 2 packs a day
Leukoplakia – thickened, white, leathery-looking
spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop
into oral cancer
Cancers – throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach,
and pancreas
Short-Term Effects of Tobacco Use
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Changes in brain chemistry
Increased respiration and heart rate
Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite
Bad breath and smelly hair, clothes, and
skin
Long-term effects of tobacco use
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Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Coronary heart disease and stroke
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Constrict blood vessels
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Cuts down on circulation
Plaque build up - Arteriosclerosis
Other consequences
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Legal consequences
Social consequences
Financial consequences
Reduced Tobacco Use Among Teens
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Antismoking campaigns
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Tobacco companies fund
Financial cost
Societal pressures
Family influence
Benefits of Living Tobacco Free
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Lowers risk of lung cancer, heart disease,
and stroke
Improves cardiovascular endurance and
lung function
Not dependent on an addictive substance
Less stress
Helps a person look and feel better
Strategies for Preventing Use of
Tobacco
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Choose friends who don’t use tobacco
Avoid situations where tobacco products
may be used
Practice and use refusal skills – “I
statement format skills”
Continue to build Developmental Assets
Reasons to give up tobacco use
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Begin to have health problems
Have the desire, will, and commitment
It is too expensive
Using tobacco can lead to other risky
behaviors
Learn the damaging effects
Stopping the Addiction Cycle
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Nicotine withdrawal – the process that occurs in
the body when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no
longer used
Symptoms
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Irritability, difficulty, concentrating, anxiety, sleep
disturbance, and cravings
Nicotine substitute
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A product that delivers small amounts of nicotine into the
user’s system while he or she is trying to give up the
tobacco habit
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Nicotine gum/patch
Tips for Quitting
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Prepare for the day
Get support
Identify available health-related services
Replace tobacco use with healthier
alternatives
Change daily behavior
Engage in healthful behaviors
Risks for Smokers and Nonsmokers
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Environmental tobacco smoke – 2nd hand
smoke – air that has been contaminated by
tobacco smoke
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Mainstream smoke – exhaled smoke
Sidestream smoke – smoke from the burning end
Effects on Smoke on Nonsmokers
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Environmental tobacco smoke contains more
than 4,000 different chemical compounds (43
carcinogens)
Effects
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Eye irritation
Headaches
Ear infections
Coughing
Worsens asthma and other respiratory problems
Lung cancer – 3,000 diagnosed/year
Effects on Unborn Children
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Nicotine passes through the placenta
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Constricts blood vessels of fetus
Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen levels
Impaired fetal growth
Miscarriage
Prenatal death
Premature delivery
Low birth weight
Deformities
Stillbirths
SIDS
Effects on Small Children
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Tend to have a higher incidence of sore
throats, ear infections, and upper
respiratory problems
Double the risk of developing lung cancer
A Smoke-free society
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Taking steps to prohibit smoking in public
places
Non-smoking areas
Benefits of Quitting
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After 24 hours – your chance of a heart
attack decreases
After 48 hours – Nerve endings start
repairing - your sense of smell and taste
will improve
Between 2-3 weeks – circulation improves,
walking becomes easier, and lung function
increases
Benefits of Quitting
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1-9 months – you may notice
improvements in these areas – coughing,
sinus congestion, fatigue, and shortness of
breath
1 year smoke-free – excess risk of
coronary heart disease is reduced to half of
that of a smoker
5 years – stroke risk is reduced to that of
people who have never smoked
Benefits of Quitting
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10 years – risk of lung cancer drops to ½ of
smokers
10 years – risk of cancers of the mouth,
throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and
pancreas decreases
Risk of ulcers decrease
Benefits of Quitting
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15 years - Risk of Coronary Heart disease
is the same as those who have never
smoked
15 years - Risk of Death is nearly the level
of those who have never smoked