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Math for Medications Some terms you’ll see: Desired Dose 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 Available Dose Ratio & Proportion Cross Product 1 2 4 Math for Medications 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • The purpose of this class is for the learner to be able to calculate drug dosages of tablets and liquids. • You will calculate the drug dosages using the formula or ratio & proportion method. 1 2 4 Math for Medications- the Formula Method for Tablets 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 Desired dose X Available dose • dd ad Vehicle = ATA 1 2 4 x v = ATA (amount to administer) Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • The doctor ordered Benadryl 75 mg. The drug label reads Benadryl 0.025 grams. How many tablets are needed? 1 2 4 • Read the problem and identify what you’ve been given. Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • • • • dd = 75 mg ad = 0.025 grams v = 1 tab Have both dd & ad in the same unit of measure 0.025 g = 25 mg. • ad = 25 mg 1 2 4 Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Put the numbers into the formula: 75 mg 25 mg x 1 tab = 3 tabs 1 2 4 Math for Medications- The Ratio & Proportion Method for Tablets 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 1 2 • We will use the same problem but will cross multiply. 4 Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • The doctor ordered Benadryl 75 mg. The drug label reads Benadryl 0.025 grams. How many tablets are needed? 1 2 4 • Read the problem and identify what you’ve been given. Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • The known ratio: 25 mg 1 tablet • The unknown ratio: 75 mg N tablets 1 2 4 Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Write the proportion : 25 mg 1 tablet x 75 mg N tablets 1 2 4 Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Cross Multiply: 25 mg 1 tablet x 75 mg N tablets 25mg X N tab = 1 X 75 mg 1 2 4 Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Solve for N by dividing both sides of the equation by 25: • 25 N = 75 25 25 or N = 3 1 2 4 Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Substitute 3 for N in the original proportion and your answer is : You would administer 3 tablets to give a dosage of 75 mg. 1 2 4 Math for Medications for Liquids 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Calculate drug dosages using the formula method or ratio & proportion method for liquids. 1 2 4 Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • The doctor has ordered Gentamycin Sulphate 25 mg. 1 2 • The label reads Gentamycin Sulphate 40 mg/mL. How much Gentamycin will you administer? 4 Problem - Using the Formula Method 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Identify: dd = 25 mg ad = 40 mg v = 1 mL • Put the numbers in the formula: 25 x 1 mL = 0.625 mL 40 1 2 4 Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Round off to the nearest decimal place: • 25 x 1 mL= 0.625 mL or 0.6 mL 40 1 2 4 Problem- Using the Ratio & Proportion method 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Cross product ( Cross Multiply) : • The know ratio: 40 mg 1 mL • The unknown ratio: 1 2 4 25 mg N mL Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Proportion: 40 mg = 25mg 1 mL N mL • Cross Multiply: 40 x N = 1 x 25 1 2 4 Problem 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Solve for N: 40N = 25 40 40 N= 0.625 N = 0.625 Round off: N = 0.6 mL 1 2 4 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Substitute for N in the original proportion: • Proportion: 40 mg = 25mg 1 mL 0.6 mL 1 2 4 Math for Medications 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 1 2 4 Another way to calculate Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Lets look at another way to calculate 1 2 4 Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • When we are calculating drug dosages of tablets and liquids we always have 2 pieces of information. • 1) What the label reads • 2) What has the doctor ordered 1 2 4 Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • The first step that we do when we use the Math Chart is to draw the chart which simply looks like this: 1 2 4 Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • The second step in using the Math Chart is to label the chart. • An important thing to remember when labelling the chart is to make sure that the top sections are the same and the bottom sections are the same. 1 2 4 Mg Mg Tablets Tablets Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Once we have our chart filled in, all we do is MULTIPLY ON THE DIAGONAL AND DIVIDE BY WHAT’S LEFT Ex: Mg 30 45 Mg 1 Tablets 1 Lets do our calculations: 45 X 1 ÷ 30 = 1.5 tablets Tablets 2 4 Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Lets look at the first example 1 2 4 Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • The doctor ordered Benadryl 75 mg. The drug label reads Benadryl 0.025 grams. How many tablets are needed? 1 2 4 **The first thing we have to do is to look at what information we have. 1) What the label reads – 0.025g for 1 tablet 2) What the doctor ordered – 75mg Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 ***Before me make our chart we have to make sure both units are the same. 1 2 • In this question, we have 0.025 g & 75 mg • Lets change 0.025g to mg by multiplying by 1000 • Now both units are the same 25mg and 75mg and we can make our chart 4 Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Step 1 - Make the chart and label it • Step 2 – Fill in the information that we have Mg Mg 25 75 1 Tablets • Tablets 1 2 4 Step 3 – Do the calculations MULTIPLY ON THE DIAGONAL AND DIVIDE BY WHAT’S LEFT 75 X 1 ÷ 25 = 3 tablets Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Lets try the next example: 1 • The doctor has ordered Gentamycin Sulphate 25 mg. 2 4 • The label reads Gentamycin Sulphate 40 mg/mL. How much Gentamycin will you administer? Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 **The first thing we have to do is to look at what information we have. 1 1) What the label reads – 40mg for 1 mL 2) What the doctor ordered 25mg 2 4 Math for Medications The “Math Chart” 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Step 1 - Make the chart and label it • Step 2 - Fill in the information we have Mg Mg 40 25 1 mL mL • Step 3 – Do our calculations • 25 x 1 ÷ 40 = 0.625 mL 1 2 4 Rules to Remember 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Example: 0.66mg = 0.7 mg 1. Put 0 to the left of the decimal if there is no whole number. 2. Adults: round of drug doses to the nearest 1/10 or 0.1. 3. Pediatrics: Round off drug doses to the nearest 1/100 or 0.01 1 2 4 Rules to Remember 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • Do not round off until your final answer: For example: 100 mg x 15 mL 80 mg 10=1.25 x 15 mL = 18.75 mL 8 Not 1.3 x 15 mL which would =19.5mL 1 2 4 References 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 • AOM coursepack 1 2 4