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VDPAM 445 Swine Topics Part 0: Walk through Dr. Alex Ramirez Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Iowa State University IDENTIFYING THE CORRECT PIG ! • Currently, we are identifying the correct pig 60% of the time • Generally, the tendency on many sites is to treat pigs that do not show signs of sickness • On some sites, we fail to identify and treat pigs that are sick Drugs and Dosage: • Use of the correct drug • Use of the correct dose amount • 88% of sites are using lower than the dose required for the drug to be effective • Importance of follow up treatments • Correct injection site Identification and Treatment Normal Rectal Temperature Ranges Weaned Pig: 102.1 - 103.1o F Growing Pig: 102.2 - 103.2o F Finishing Pig: 101.8 - 102.8o F Normal Respiratory Rates Weaned Pig: 25 - 40 breaths / min Growing Pig: 30 - 40 breaths / min Finishing Pig: 25 - 35 breaths / min How to evaluate a ROOM /BARN of pigs STOP ! LOOK ! LISTEN ! EVALUATE : Environment Pig Comfort Feed Delivery Water Supply • Video 1 • Video 2 How to evaluate a PEN Nursery and Finisher Use a systematic approach ! Do it the same way every time ! EVALUATE : Pig Comfort Pig Health Waterer position / flow Feeder adjustment • Video 3 • Video 4 Environment: Are the pigs comfortable? Are they cold (piling)? Are they hot? Are there drafts present? Think about the environment from the pig level, not yours! Water supply: Are the nipples at the proper height (top of the shoulders)? Is the water flow appropriate? 1.5 - 2.5 pints / minute (nursery) 1 - 1.5 quarts / minute (finishing) Water Flow Measuring water flow rates: Nursery: 1.5 - 2.5 pints / minute (25-40 seconds to fill a pint container) Finishing: 1 - 1.5 quarts / minute (finishing) (20-30 seconds to fill a pint container) Nipple Height Feed supply: Are the augers operating correctly? Are the feeders adjusted properly? Is the feed in the feeder trough free of mold and manure? Feeder Adjustment Good Wet Feed Excess Feed The pigs CAN tell you how they feel !! How do these pigs feel ? How the pigs feel is determined by: Not only the temperature but the combination of humidity and the air speed (drafts) with the temperature ! • Video 5 • Video 6 • Video 7 What are these pigs telling YOU ? They are chilled either because they are sick or the barn is too cold or drafty 5 Most Common Symptoms • • • • • #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 CNS (strep) Lameness Diarrhea Pneumonia Off Feed EARLY INFECTION Treatment NOW is more EFFECTIVE Video 8 Video 9 Slightly more advanced "Dog Sitting" Treatment NOW is more EFFECTIVE Video 10 More advanced Treatment NOW may still be EFFECTIVE Video 11 ADVANCED Treatment NOW most likely TOO LATE !! Video 12 Early , Mid, and Late Stages Video 13 # 2 LAMENESS Lameness and Swollen Joints Both rear legs have swollen joints Notice that the pig stands with the rear legs more under its body than normal pigs to try to take weight off of the joints that are painful. Video 14 Pig with swollen joints on the left, normal pig on the right. Notice the differences in the pigs posture and movements. Video 15 This swollen joint is warm to the touch, soft and fluid filled. Video 16a Finishing Pig Not Lame with Firm, swollen joints = Recovered infection or injury No treatment ! This pig can't compete with other pigs for food and water! It must be pulled! #3 Diarrhea Diarrhea in a Nursery Pig Video 18 # 4 PNEUMONIA "THUMPING" or Labored Abdominal Breathing Notice how this pig is using its abdominal muscles to breath! Not just the muscles of the chest. This is a THUMPING pig! Video 19 Increased respiratory rates due to causes other than pneumonia usually don't use the abdominal muscles like this pig. This pig has pneumonia ! Video 20 # 5 OFF FEED LOSS OF BODY CONDITION Notice the pig's backbone just beginning to show. Just beginning to lose body condition from not eating. Video 21 Video 22 OTHER SYMPTOMS •Tail Biting •Navel Sucking •Greasy Pig TAIL BITING Is this a primary or secondary problem ? Video 23 This is most likely a secondary problem in this pig… It is not healthy… Loss of condition and depressed TAIL BITING (Finishing Pig) Is this a primary or secondary problem ? Video 24 This is most likely a primary problem in this pig ....... It is healthy.. in good condition It may need to be pulled to keep it from getting worse! NAVEL SUCKING Video 25 Possible causes of Navel Sucking: 1) Pigs that are weaned too early. 2) Improper environment causing pigs to be uncomfortable. The pig that is doing the navel sucking should be removed from the pen! Swollen navel due to infection - Must be treated VERY EARLY Video 26 Greasy Pig Video 27 Mange Video 29 Don’t forget that not everything is disease! Video 28 Acknowledgements • I would like to recognize others for their significant contributions to this presentation: – Dr. Locke Karriker – MKS Productions