Download Introductory Psychology

States of
Consciousness
Consciousness

An organism’s awareness of itself and
surroundings

Not all-or-none; rather, more on a
continuum
Attention

Selective Attention
Dichotic Listening Technique
Attention

Selective Attention

Cocktail-Party Effect
Attention

Selective Attention

Cocktail-Party Effect

Automaticity
 Divided
attention task

The Stroop Effect…try it yourself!
Sleep
Brain processes external information
 Brain processes internal information
 Body remains active
 In general, can be easily awakened

Stages of Sleep
Stage 1
 Stage 2
 Stage 3
 Stage 4


Stages of sleep
Sleep Deprivation
REM deprivation
 Delta deprivation

Why do we sleep?
Restorative/recuperative therapy
 Evolutionary/Circadian theory

Sleep Disturbances
 Parasomnias
Nightmares
Night
Terrors
Sleepwalking
Sleeptalking
 Insomnia
 Sleep
Apnea
 Narcolepsy
Nature and Function of Dreams

Psychodynamic view
 Freud
 Wish
fulfillment
 Unconscious
 Manifest content
 Latent content
Nature and Function of Dreams

Physiological/Biological View
 Activation-synthesis

hypothesis
Cognitive View/Information Processing
 Dreams
DAMIT
of absent-minded transgression
The Brain and Sleep
REM  pons/acetylcholine
 Initiation/duration  serotonin
 Wakefulness/arousal  norepinephrine,
dopamine

Altered States of
Consciousness
Psychoactive Drugs
 Tolerance
 Drug Dependency

 Physiological
dependence
 Psychological dependence
Theories of Drug Use
Learning Perspective
 Psychodynamic Perspective
 Social Perspective
 Cognitive Perspective

Hypnosis


Hypnos, Greek God
of Sleep
Mesmer






vivid, frequent
fantasies
visual imagery
high in absorption
dependent on others
expect to be
influenced
dissociative
experiences