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The Effects of
Neo-synephrine on
the 6-Day
Chicken Embryo
Sonya Park, Veronica Kvarta,
and Dr. Jacqueline McLaughlin
Chicken Heart Development
The chicken heart develops
from a series of fusions and
differentiations.
33 hour chicken embryo heart
Four regions of the heart:
 Conotruncus (ct)
 Ventricle (v)
 Atrium (a)
 Sinus venosus (sv)
72 hour chicken embryo heart
http://www.lv.psu.edu/jxm57/chicklab/outline.html
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Involuntary
Consists of two divisions:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
www.driesen.com/autonomic_nervous_system.htm
Neo-synephrine
Typically used as a nasal decongestant
Some effects of Neo-synephrine:
Arrhythmias
Low blood pressure
Tremors
Restlessness
Excitability
Variation of potassium levels
*Neo-synephrine medical warning
Phenylephrine HCl
Active ingredient of
Neo-synephrine
Alpha adrenergic agonist in
sympathetic nervous system
Purpose
To determine the effects of various
Neo-synephrine solutions on a 6-day
in vitro chicken embryo heart.
Heart Rate (bpm)
Visible Arrhythmias
Hypothesis
The in vitro chicken embryo heart will experience
visible arrhythmias along with a decrease in
heart rate (bpm).
6-day in vitro chicken embryo
Methods
Stock Solutions:
 0.125%, 0.1%, 0.075%, 0.05%, and 0.025%
solutions of Neo-synephrine were made in chick
saline
“Windowed” Egg:
 obtained control in vivo heart rate
“Extracted” Egg:
 obtained control in vitro heart rate
Administered Stock Solutions:
 obtained experimental heart rate and noted
arrhythmias
RESULTS
In Vivo Heart Rates
250
200
Beats per minute
Data 1
Data 2
150
Data 3
Data 4
100
Data 5
Average
50
0
Embryo 1
Embryo 2
Embryo 3
Embryo 4
Embryo 5
Average
RESULTS
In Vitro Heart Rates
160
140
Beats per Minute
120
Data 1
100
Data 2
Data 3
80
Data 4
60
Data 5
40
Average
20
0
Embryo 1
Embryo 2
Embryo 3
Embryo 4
Embryo 5
Average
RESULTS
Heart Rates - 0.025%
140
Beats per Minute
120
100
Data 1
Data 2
Data 3
Data 4
Data 5
Average
80
60
40
20
0
Embryo 1
Embryo 2
Embryo 3
Embryo 4
Embryo 5
Average
RESULTS
Heart Rates - 0.05%
140
Beats per Minute
120
100
Data 1
Data 2
80
Data 3
Data 4
60
Data 5
Average
40
20
0
Embryo 1
Embryo 2
Embryo 3
Embryo 4
Embryo 5
Average
RESULTS
Heart Rates - 0.075%
120
Beats per Minute
100
**
*
80
Data 1
Data 2
Data 3
60
Data 4
Data 5
40
Average
20
+
+
+
0
Embryo 1
Embryo 2
Embryo 3
Embryo 4
* Tachycardia visible
+ Bradycardia visible
Embryo 5
Average
RESULTS
Heart Rates – 0.10%
120
Beats per Minute
100
80
*
*
Data 1
Data 2
Data 3
Data 4
60
40
Data 5
Average
*
*
20
+
+
0
Embryo 1
Embryo 2
Embryo 3
Embryo 4
* Tachycardia visible
+ Bradycardia visible
Embryo 5
Average
RESULTS
Heart Rates – 0.125%
When the 0.125% solution was
administered to each chicken embryo
cardiac arrest occurred.
Heart Rate = 0 bpm
RESULTS
Average Heart Rates
160
140
Beats per Minute
120
100
80
Average
60
40
20
0
In vivo
In vitro
0.025%
0.05%
0.075%
0.10%
0.125%
Conclusion
 Due to the fact that noticeable arrhythmias occurred in the
embryos’ heart, and there was a visible decrease in the heart
rate, our results support our hypothesis.
 Due to observations, it is obvious that Neo-synephrine must
be carefully administered because high percentage dosages
will cause dangerous arrhythmias in chicken embryos.
 Further experiments could include:
• Test lower concentrations of neo-synephrine to see if
results are still consistent.
• Administer an antiarrhythmic medication to see if
arrhythmias occur and heart rate still decreases.
Siamese Twins!!
Q&A
Please ask questions during this time.
Thank you for listening to our presentation!
Reference
“Neo-synephrine.” Medications.com. Skylabs. 4 Feb. 2004
<http://medications.com/go/drug/Neosynephrine>.
Armstrong, Lora L., Goldman, Morton P. et. al. Drug
Information Handbook 2003-2004. Lexi-Comp,
Incorporated, March 2003.
Cruz, Y.P. 1993. Laboratory exercises in developmental
biology. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 241
pages. [ISBN 0-12-198390-0] [book]