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Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: Software Radio Attacks and ZeroPower Defenses By: Halperin, Heydt—Benjamin, Ransford, Clark, Defend, Morgan, Fu, Kohno, and Maisel Presented by: Charlie Allen Overview • • • IMDs Attacks Defenses – – – • Notification Authentication Key Exchange Future Work IMDs • • • • • Pacemakers Implantable Cardioverter Defibrilators (ICD) Neurostimulators Drug Pumps Wireless Implanted ICD Programming IMDs • • Commercial Programmers Radio Communicator Security Model • • • • Access to programmers Passive Adversary Active Adversary Assumptions – ICDs Honest Intercepting Communication • • • Reverse engineering Eavesdropping Limitations Attacks • • • • • • • • ICD Identification Disclosing patient data Disclosing cardiac data Changing patient name Setting the ICD’s clock Changing therapies Inducing fibrillation Power denial of service WISPer • • • Notification Zero-Power Sound Audibility WISP with Attached Piezo-element Authentication Uses Master Key known by all programmers Identity specific to IMD Nonce known by programmer in advance Improvements Random nonce Key Exchange • • Process Medium Questions?
