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Nigeria Democracy
Revisited
March 15, 2012
Julius Akinyemi at GHS, Greenwich, CT
Historical recap – Nigeria a young democracy
handicapped with excessive wealth and political
leadership’s self interest nurtured by military in
transition government.
NIGERIA POPULATION
YEAR
MILLIONS
1971
55.1
1980
71.1
1990
94.5
2000
124.8
2004
138.0
2008
151
2012
160 (est)
Source: Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics
The Wealth of the Nation and its Disparity
GDP: $414.5 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
GDP/CAPTAL: $2,600 (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 35.4%
industry: 33.6%
services: 31% (2011 est.)
Labor force: 51.53 million (2011 est.)
agriculture: 70%
industry: 10%
services: 20% (Best est.)
Population below poverty line:
70%
Oil - exports:
2.102 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9
Oil - production:
2.458 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
Population below poverty line:
Source : NNBS
70%
Source: National Election Coalition
Preliminary parliamentary poll results
revealing big losses for the ruling
party show Nigeria "has changed", an
analyst has told the BBC.
High-profile PDP casualties include speaker of the
lower house Dimeji Bankole and ex-President
Olusegun Obasanjo's daughter in the senate.
The current ruling party has been in power post military
regimes, can they be Defeated?
“But constant experience shows us that every
man invested with power is apt to abuse it,
and to carry his authority as far as it will go.”
..Montesquieu
Nigeria election: Buhari party to challenge results
“The runner-up in
Nigeria's presidential
poll, Gen Muhammadu
Buhari, has said there
were widespread
irregularities in
Saturday's election.” BBC- 4/20/11
“The deterioration of a government begins almost
always by the decay of its principles” ..Montesquieu
The Unwritten Politics of Leadership and National Character
Source: Mapsofworld.com
The need for Financial Discipline
and Open Government to
eliminate corruption
Nigeria 2010/2011 Oil spills:
ExxonMobil =
Shell
=
95,500tons
5,500tons
===========
Total Spills = 101,000tons
===========
US Golf of Mexico = 45tons
Source: List of oil spills, Wikipedia
Nigeria in A Lawless State?
Nigeria is winning the war – Jonathan
POLITICS, RELIGION AND/OR ECONOMICS?
MEND
Vs
Boko Haram
Suspected Boko Haram sect members. (Photo Courtesy Leadership)
Source: YNaija
"The spirit of inequality arises
when citizens no longer identify
their interests with the interests of
their country“ -Montesquieu
Appendix
Population
155,215,573 (July 2011 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 40.9% (male 32,476,681/female 31,064,539)
15-64 years: 55.9% (male 44,296,228/female 42,534,542)
65 years and over: 3.1% (male 2,341,228/female 2,502,355) (2011 est.)
Median age
total: 19.2 years
male: 19.2 years
female: 19.3 years (2011 est.)
Birth rate
35.51 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death rate
16.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 50% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 3.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 91.54 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 97.42 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 85.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 47.56 years
male: 46.76 years
female: 48.41 years (2011 est.)
Total fertility rate
4.73 children born/woman (2011 est.)
Ethnic groups
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups;
the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%,
Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Religions
Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Languages
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional
indigenous languages
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 68%
male: 75.7%
female: 60.6% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 9 years
male: 10 years
female: 8 years (2005)
People's Democratic Party (PDP):
PDP is one of the major political parties of Nigeria. It has won all the presidential elections held in the country after the military rule ended in 1999. Olusegun Obasanjo and
Late Umaru Yar'Adua were two candidates of this party who won the earlier presidential elections. The party has a market-driven approach for the economy. In terms of
social issues, the party maintains a conservative stand on several issues, including homosexuality. PDP adopts a somewhat leftist stand when it comes to welfare and
poverty. During its rule, the president launched the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), which is a first in the country. The party's presidential candidate for the 2011
elections is Goodluck Jonathan.
All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP):
This is another major political party in Nigeria. In the 2007 elections, the party had won about 27% of the popular votes and also won 92 of the 360 seats in the House of
Representatives. In the Senate, ANPP won 27 of the total 109 seats. One of the biggest achievements of the party has been wining the governor election in Kano state,
where it defeated the ruling PDP candidate. ANPP has a right-wing conservative ideology and has a mass appeal, particularly in northern Nigeria.
Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN):
This party was formed with the merger of several parties, including Advance Congress of Democrats, Justice Party and Alliance for Democracy. The party has a strong
presence in Nigeria's south-west, mid-west and north central regions. From these areas, the party has a total of 4 governors, 3 senators and 2 representatives to the state
houses. In the 2007 assembly elections, the party won 32 of the 360 seats in the House of Representatives and 6 members in the Senate.
Progressive People's Alliance (PPA):
This is another major political party in Nigeria. During the 2003 and 2007 governor polls, it won in the state of Abia and Imo. After the 2007 elections, the party agreed to
join
the
government
run
by
Late
President
Umaru
Yar'Adua.
Communist Party of Nigeria:
Founded in 1960, this party was inspired by the Communist Party of Great Britain. The party has however, remained isolated from other countries where the communists are in power.
Democratic People's Party:
This party was founded in 2006 by members who were dissatisfied with the All Nigeria People Party. In the 2007 presidential election, the party's candidate, Attahiru Bafarawa, came last. The
party also failed to win a single seat in the election for the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Labor Party:
Formed in 2002, this party won one seat in the House of Representatives in the 2007 elections. However, the party does not have a strong political structure and so members like Olusegun
Mimiko allied with the Action Congress in the run up to the elections.
End