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The International Economy
and Globalization
PowerPoint slides prepared by:
Andreea Chiritescu
Eastern Illinois University
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distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password‐protected website for classroom use
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TABLE 1.1 Manufacturing an HP Pavilion, ZD8000 laptop computer
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TABLE 1.2
Globalization goes white collar
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TABLE 1.3
The fruits of free trade: a global fruit basket
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distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password‐protected website for classroom use
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TABLE 1.4
Exports & imports of goods & services, percentage of GDP, 2007
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distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password‐protected website for classroom use
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FIGURE 1.1
Openness of the U.S. economy, 1890–2007
The figure shows that for the United States the importance of international trade has
increased by more than 50 percent from 1890 to the early 2000s.
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TABLE 1.5
Leading trade partners of the U.S., 2008
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distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password‐protected website for classroom use
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FIGURE 1.2
Global competition lowers inflation
World imports relative to U.S. consumption have doubled over the past four decades, making more of
what consumers purchase subject to increased competition inherent in international trade. This added
competition tends to hold down the cost of goods and services as seen for the period 1987 to 2003.
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FIGURE 1.3
Tariff barriers versus economic growth
The figure shows the weighted average tariff rate and per-capita growth rate in GDP for 23 nations
in 2002. According to the figure, there is evidence of an inverse relationship between the level of
tariff barriers and the economic growth of nations.
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distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password‐protected website for classroom use
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TABLE 1.6
Advantages and disadvantages of globalization
Advantages
Disadvantages
•Productivity increases faster when countries
produce goods and services in which they
have a comparative advantage. Living
standards can increase more rapidly.
•Global competition and cheap imports keep
a constraint on prices, so inflation is less likely
to disrupt economic growth.
•An open economy promotes technological
development and innovation, with fresh ideas
from abroad.
•Jobs in export industries tend to pay about
15 percent more than jobs in importcompeting industries.
•Unfettered capital movements provide the
United States access to foreign investment
and maintain low interest rates.
•Millions of Americans have lost jobs
because of imports or shifts in production
abroad. Most find new jobs that pay less.
•Millions of other Americans fear getting
laid off, especially at those firms operating
in import-competing industries.
•Workers face demands of wage
concessions from their employers, which
often threaten to export jobs abroad if
wage concessions are not accepted.
•Besides blue-collar jobs, service and
white-collar jobs are increasingly
vulnerable to operations being sent
overseas.
•American employees can lose their
competitiveness when companies build
state-of-the-art factories in low-wage
countries, making them as productive as
those in the United States.
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TABLE 1.7 World steel cost comparisons: cost per ton of steel, 2009
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