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Measuring Economic Performance GDP x The market value of the final goods and services produced by workers and other resources located within the border of a nation over period of one year GNP the market value of final output produced annually by all labour and property supplied by a nation’s households, no matter where those resources are employed Nominal GDP x Real GDP the market value of nation’s final output based on current prices for the goods and services produced during the year an estimate of the value of a nation’s final products based on prices of certain base year YP GDPdeflator Y P 1 1 1 0 Intermediate Products and Value Added Intermediate products – products produced by business firms for resale by other firms or for use as materials or services that will be included in the value of resold good VALUE ADDED = the extra worth that a business firm adds to intermediate products, it is measured by the difference between the market value of a firm’s sales, and the market value of the intermediate products that the firm purchases Total value added = market value of - in a nation (GDP) all products market value of intermediate products Computing Value Added - example Sales transactions Intermediate purchases Value added (Sales receipts – Intermediate purchases) 1. EUR 1 mil. sale of cotton by farmers to weavers None EUR 1 mil. 2. EUR 2 mil. Sale of cloth by weavers to manufacturer of blue jeans EUR 1 mil. of cotton EUR 1 mil. 3. EUR 4 mil. Sale of blue jeans by blue jean manufacturer to consumers EUR 2 mil. of cloth EUR 2 mil. Market value of all products - Market value of intermediate products = Total value added EUR 7 mil. - EUR 3 mil. = EUR 4 mil. METHODS OF MEASURING GDP 1) Flow-of-Product Approach (The EXPANDITURE COMPONENTS OF GDP) 2) Earnings or cost approach (The INCOME SIDE OF GDP) From NNP to Disposable Income Net National Product - Indirect business taxes and other adjustments National Income - corporate profits - net interest paid - social security (payroll) taxes + government transfer payments + personal interest, dividends and other transfers • Personal Income - Personal taxes = Disposable income NET ECONOMIC WELFARE GDP Nonmarket production The value of leisure time The underground economy Cost of enviromental damage Potential output Production-possibility frontier Y unattainable waste X Tasks: 1. Based on following dates calculate: GDP, NDP, NI, NX, DI Item Mld. EUR Consumption expenditure 600 Personal taxes 400 Transfer payments 250 Export 240 Import 220 Government expanditure 200 Gross Investment 150 Capital consumption allowance 60 2. Calculate nominal GDP, net investment and real GDP, assuming GDP deflator 116, C = 740, a = 21, G = 305, X = 194, M = 178, indirect taxes = 289, profits = 357, wages = 481, rents = 9, net interests = 18. 3. Calculate real and nominal GDP using following dates: Output 2000 Output 2006 Price 2000 Price 2006 Chicken 100 150 2 4 Apples 100 140 4 6 Total