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Spain
The European Social Protection
Systems
Stephanie Sigman
Geography
•
•
•
Located in southwestern Europe
Bordering the Bay of Biscay,
Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic
Ocean, and Pyreness Mountains
Natural Resources:
• Coal, lignite, iron, ore, uranium,
mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsm,
zinc, tungsten, copper, kaolin,
potash, hydropower
• Arable land- 30%
• Permanent Crops- 9%
• Permanent Pastures- 21%
• Forests and Woodland- 32%
• Other-8%
Brief History
• Powerful world empire during the 16th and 17th centuries
• Failed to embrace the industrial revolutions, causing Spain to
fall behind France, Britain, and Germany in economic power
• Neutral in WWI and WWII
• Civil War 1936-1939
• Transition to democracy in 1975 after the death of dictator
Francisco Franco
• Spain joined the EU on January 1, 1986
• Spain has experienced rapid economic modernization and is
now one of the most dynamic economies in Europe
Main Economic Variables
GDP per capita (2007est.)
Spain
$33,600
Europe
$32,700
US
$45,800
GDP real growth rate (2007est.)
Spain
3.8%
Europe
3%
US
2%
Total GDP (2007 est.)
Spain
$1.361 trillion
Europe
$14.43 trillion
US
$13.78 trillion
Source: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/us.html
Main Economic Variables…
Balance of Payments
Exports Imports
Year
Spain
$256.7 billion
$380.2 billion
2007
Europe
$1.33 trillion
$1.466 trillion
2005
US
$1.148 trillion
$1.968 trillion
2007
Italy
$502.4 billion
$498.1 billion
2007
Source: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
Public Expenditure
Investments
(gross fixed)
Revenues
Expenditures Public Debt
Spain
31.1% of GDP
$588.5 billion
$556.3 billion
36.2% of GDP
Europe
21.5% of GDP
US
15.5% of GDP
$2.568 trillion
$2.73 trillion
60.8% of GDP
Italy
21% of GDP
$991.2 billion
$1.031 trillion 104% of GDP
Source: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
Public Expenditure…
Education
Spain
4.2% of GDP
US
5.3% of GDP
Italy
4.5% of GDP
Source: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
Social Protection
Total expenditure on
social protection (% of
GDP)
Greece
Italy
Portugal
Spain
1994
22.1
25.3
21.3
22.8
1995
19.9
24.2
21.0
21.6
1996
20.5
24.3
20.2
21.5
1997
20.8
24.9
20.3
20.8
1998
21.7
24.6
20.9
20.2
1999
22.7
24.8
21.4
19.8
2000
23.5
24.7
21.7
20.3
2001
24.1
24.9
22.7
20.0
2002
23.8
25.3
23.7
20.3
2003
23.6
25.8
24.1
20.4
2004
23.6
26.0
24.7
20.6
2005
24.2
26.4
20.8
Source: http://micpohling.wordpress.com/2008/07/13/oecd-social-protection-1994-2005-greece-italy-portugal-spain/
EU spending on social protection in 1994
Source: Eurostat
As % of GDP
On old age/survivors
On unemployment etc.
As % of total benefits
As % of total benefits
1994
1994
1980
1994
1980
Spain
23.6
42.6 41.0 18.1
15.7
Italy
25.3
64.0 55.1 2.5
2.3
UK
28.1
41.3 42.8 7.3
9.6
Germany
30.8
41.2 42.6 9.2
4.5
EU
28.6
44.2 43.3 9.2
6.4
Taxation Systems
Income
(above allowances)
€0-€17,707
€17,707- €33,007
€33,007- €53,407
€53,407 and above
Spain’s
National
Tax Rate
15.66%
18.27%
24.14%
27.13%
Provincial Tax
Rate
Total Tax Rate
8.34%
9.73%
12.86%
15.87%
24%
28%
37%
43%
Source: http://www.spainexpat.com/spain/information/taxes_for_expatriates_in_spain/
Employment Protection
Overall EPL index in the late 90s (OECD)
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
United Kindom
Ireland
Italy
Spain
Portugal
0.5
0
Source: http://www.sis-statistica.it/files/pdf/atti/SIS%202007%20Venezia%20intermedio_281-289.pdf
Employment Performance
Unemployment- Women
2005
2006
Total Unemployment
2005
2006
Spain
12.2
11.6
Spain
9.2
8.5
US
5.1
4.6
US
5.1
4.6
EU
8.9
8.5
EU
8.2
7.7
Unemployment-Men
2005
2006
Spain
7.1
6.0
US
5.1
4.6
EU
7.6
7.1
Source:http://stats.oecd.org/WBOS/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=CSP2008
Employment Performance…
Employment Rate
Long Term Unemployment in 2006
Spain
29.5
US
10
EU
44.2
(ages 15-64)
2005
2006
Spain
64
65.7
US
71.5
72
EU
65.2
66
Source:http://stats.oecd.org/WBOS/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=CSP2008
Income Distribution
Gini Index
Spain
32 (2005 est.)
US
45 (2007 est.)
EU
30.7 (2003 est.)
Source: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html