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SOLVING ANXIETY Joseph LeDoux 20 million Americans (15%) suffer from anxiety disorders Anxiety exacerbates all other mental and medical problems How Do We Prevent and Treat Anxiety? Economic cost: > $50 billion per year (0.4 GDP) Investing in the prevention treatment of anxiety, especially in We go and to the source. children, is the most efficient way to improve the health and wellbeing of our society NEURAL CIRCUIT MOLECULAR MECHANISMS FIGHT FLIGHT RESPONSE Fear Conditioning SYNAPSE THREATENING STIMULUS CS Pathway Somatosensory Cortex Auditory Cortex Auditory Thalamus LA AMYGDALA US Pathway Somatosens Thalamus B AMYGDALA CE ITC FEAR RESPONSES tone cs CG LH PVN tone tone+shock FREEZING ANS MUSCLE TENSION BLOOD RESPIRATION PRESSURE us HORMONES Present and Future Goals Erasing traumatic memory drugs that eliminate memory in amygdala after remembering Finding neuronal markers of individual differences in fear Structural, physiological, and genetic correlates of extreme fear in the amygdala Discovering new ways to help children and adults reduce anxiety so that anxiety disorders don’t develop Dampening amygdala activity by stress reduction techniques (controlled breathing)- shuts down fight-flight response Drugs or gene therapy that targets the amygdala The Emotional Brain Institute a research team focused on amygdala fear and anxiety NYU Washington Square NYU Langone Medical Center NY State Nathan Kline Institute