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United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
African Centre for
Statistics
Chapter 5 Use of external trade statistics for
national accounts
EN/ADM/2014/Pres/08
Clementina Ivan-Ungureanu
Expert Group Meeting on the Use of Administrative Data in National
Accounts
23-27 June 2014
Kigali, Rwanda
Content of the presentation
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Accounting principles and concepts
The international accounts
Bridge table for the RoW accounts
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Introduction
• The SNA measures the activity within the domestic
economy; in addition to it, the SNA records the
exchanges between the domestic economy and the rest of
the world (RoW) sector.
• The main data source that describes the international
transactions used for building accounts for the RoW
sector is the BoPs.
• The 2008 SNA and BPM 6th edition
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Introduction
• Definition
The balance of payments is a statistical statement that
summarizes transactions between residents and
nonresidents during a period. It consists of the goods
and services account, the primary income account, the
secondary income account, the capital account, and the
financial account.
Source: “Balance of Payments and Investment Position
Manual” 6th edition (BPM6), chapter 2 : Overview of the
Framework.
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Accounting principles and concepts
- economic territory
• Economic territory = area under the effective
economic control of a single government.
The term economic territory refers to:
• The area (geographic territory) under the
effective administration and economic control of
a single government;
• Any free zones, including bonded warehouses
and factories under customs control;
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Accounting principles and concepts
- economic territory (cont.)
• The national air-space, territorial waters and the
continental shelf lying in international waters,
over which the country enjoys exclusive rights;
• Territorial enclaves (i.e. geographic territories
situated in the rest of the world and used, under
international treaties or agreements between
States, by general government agencies of the
country (embassies, consulates, military bases,
scientific bases, etc.)
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Accounting principles and concepts
- economic territory (cont.)
• Deposits of oil, natural gas, etc. in international
waters outside the continental shelf of the
country, worked by units resident in the territory
as defined in the preceding sub-paragraphs
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Accounting principles and concepts
- residence
• Residence
• The primary criterion for deciding whether a
transaction belongs in the BoPs is the residency of
the two actors involved in the transaction.
• Definition
The residence of each institutional unit is the
economic territory with which it has the strongest
connection, expressed as its center of predominant
economic interest.
Source: “Balance of Payment and Investment Position Manual”, 6th edition,
chapter 4: Economic Territory, Units, Institutional Sectors and Residence
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Accounting principles and concepts
- residence ( cont.)
1. A corporation or quasi-corporation is
considered as resident if it maintains at least one
establishment where it plans to operate over a
long period of time, e.g. at least one year.
2. A household is resident when it maintains a
dwelling that the members of the household treat
and use as their principal residence.
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Accounting principles and concepts
- residence ( cont.)
• An institutional unit is resident:
- some location, dwelling, place of production, or
other premises on which or from which the unit
engages and intends to continue engaging, either
indefinitely or over a finite but long period of time,
in economic activities and transactions on a
significant scale.
• Each institutional unit is a resident of one and only
one economic territory determined by its center of
predominant economic interest.
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Accounting principles and concepts
- residence ( cont.)
• When a corporation, or unincorporated enterprise,
maintains a branch, office or production site in
another country in order to engage in production
over a long period of time , but without creating a
subsidiary corporation for the purpose, the
branch, office or site is considered to be a quasicorporation resident in the country in which it is
located;
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Accounting principles and concepts
- residence ( cont.)
• Owners of land, buildings and immovable structures in
the economic territory of a country, or units holding long
leases on either, are deemed always to have a centre of
economic interest in that country, even if they do not
engage in other economic activities or transactions in the
country. All land and buildings are therefore owned by
residents.
• Extraction of subsoil resources can only be undertaken
by resident institutional units. An enterprise that will
undertake extraction is deemed to become resident when
the requisite licences or leases are issued, if not before;
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Accounting principles and concepts
- residence ( cont.)
Special cases for considering households still resident:
- Students continue to be resident in the territory in
which they were resident prior to studying abroad;
- Patients going abroad for the purpose of medical
treatment;
- Crews of ships, aircraft, oil rigs, space stations etc.
that operate outside a territory or across several
territories;
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Accounting principles and concepts
- residence ( cont.)
- Diplomats, military personnel and other civil servants
employed abroad in government enclaves;
- Cross-border workers, who maintain their principal
dwelling in the national territory;
- Refugees, when they do not change their home
territory regardless of their legal status or intention to
return.
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Accounting principles and concepts
- institutional units
• The concept of an institutional unit is the same in
the 2008 SNA and BPM6
Definition:
An institutional unit is an economic entity that is capable,
in its own right, of owning assets, incurring liabilities
and engaging in economic activities and in transactions
with other entities.
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Accounting principles and concepts
- institutional units (cont.)
- Classification by industry, called ‘functional
classification’ represents the production process
and the flows experienced by goods and services
produced in the economy.
- Classification by institutional sector where the
units are defined according to their economic
behavior, economic function and economic
objectives.
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Accounting principles and concepts
- ownership
• The current account, which records transactions
in goods and services, factor income flows and
transfers, is in principle compiled when
ownership change takes place or service is
rendered.
• There are no longer any exceptions to the
recording basis of the change of economic
ownership. However, there is a different
presentation in the case of merchanting.
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Accounting principles and concepts
- Records
• Principle of double-entry book-keeping : every
transaction involves a credit and debit entry.
• Credit = a positive sign and cover the exports of
goods and services, investment income receipts, and
transfers received
• Debit = a negative sign, include imports of goods and
services, investment income payments and transfer
payments; acquisitions of foreign assets and
payments of liabilities are debit entries and represent
outflows of funds.
•
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Accounting principles and concepts
- Records ( cont.)
• The international accounts for an economy are to
be compiled on a vertical double-entry
bookkeeping basis from the perspective of the
residents of that economy.
• The total of all credit entries and that of all debit
entries for all transactions are equal
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Accounting principles and concepts
- time of recording of flows
• The accrual basis is used in the international
accounts as well as in national accounts.
• Based on it, the flows are recorded at the time
when economic value is created, transformed,
exchanged, transferred, or extinguished.
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Accounting principles and concepts
- valuation
• The transactions in BoPs are valued at market
prices;
• Market prices for transactions are defined as
amounts of money that willing buyers pay to
acquire something from willing sellers.
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International accounts
• International accounts cover:
1. current accounts:
- goods and services account,
- the primary income account and
- the secondary income account
2. accumulation accounts and
3. balance sheets.
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Current accounts:
Goods and services account
• Records external transactions in goods and services.
The goal of this account is the point at which goods
and services are exchanged between a resident and a
nonresident
• International merchandise trade statistics (IMTS) are
the main data source for general merchandise in the
goods and services account. The international
standards for merchandise trade data are set out in
United Nations International merchandise trade
statistics: Concepts and Definitions (2010) closely
linked to the BoPsM6.
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Goods and services account (cont.)
• Adjustments to source data may be needed to accounts
for coverage, timing, valuation, and classification that
do not meet balance of payments guidelines.
• Type of adjustments:
- IMTS use a CIF-type valuation for imports, while the
BoPs use a uniform FOB valuation for both exports and
imports
- goods sent abroad for processing without a change of
ownership are not covered in the goods account ; the
manufacturing services performed on these goods by a
processor in another processing economy are covered
in its services account
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Current accounts
Primary income account
• The primary income account shows the amounts receivable and
payable abroad in return for providing / obtaining use of labour,
financial resources or natural resources to / from non-residents.
• Types:
- Income associated with the production process: (i)compensation of
employees, which represents the income for the contribution of labor
inputs to the production process; (ii) taxes and subsidies on products
and production, which are related to production, too;
- Income associated with the ownership of financial and other nonproduced assets as: (i) property income which is the return for
providing financial assets and renting natural resources;(ii) investment
income, the return for providing financial assets, which consists of
dividends and withdrawals from income of quasi corporations,
reinvested earnings, and interest.
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Current accounts
Secondary income account
• The secondary income account records current transfers
between residents and non-residents. Current transfers
are transactions in which real or financial resources that
are likely to be consumed immediately or shortly are
provided without the receipt of equivalent economic
values in return.
• Examples: workers’ remittances, donations, official
assistance and pensions.
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(b) Capital and financial account
• The capital account in the international accounts shows
(i) capital transfers receivable and payable between
residents and nonresidents and (ii) the acquisition and
disposal of non-produced, non-financial assets between
residents and nonresidents
• Measures external transactions in capital transfers, and
the acquisition and disposal of non-produced, nonfinancial assets (such as trademarks and brand names).
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(b) Capital and financial account
(cont.)
• The financial account records transactions in
financial assets and liabilities between residents and
non-residents. It shows how an economy's external
transactions are financed. Transactions in the
financial account are classified by function (i.e. the
purpose of the investment) into:
- direct investment,
- portfolio investment,
- financial derivatives, and
- other investment and reserve assets
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RoW account and international
accounts
1. BoPs Credits = SNA resources
BoPs Debits = SNA uses
2. RoW are presented from the point of view of the
nonresident units
BoPs presents the same transactions from the point
of view of resident units
3. BoPs includes a balancing item for each account
showing the excess of credits over debits
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RoW account and international
accounts (cont.)
4. BoPs - goods are presented at an aggregated level while
services are covered in detail
SNA is strictly consistent with CPC
5. BoPs- primary income account includes: the
compensation of employees, property income, payments of
taxes on production payable by a resident to another
government and subsidy receivable by a resident from
another government
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RoWs account and international
accounts (cont.)
6. The entries in the secondary income account of
BoPs are mainly current transfers and correspond
exactly to those in the secondary distribution of
income account in the 2008 SNA.
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RoW accounts
• Definition
The rest of the world consists of all non-resident
institutional units that enter into transactions with
resident units, or have other economic links with
resident units.
Source: The 2008 SNA, European Commission, IMF, OECD, UN,
World Bank, 2009, Chapter 4: Institutional units and sectors, point
4.172.
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REST OF THE WORLD ACCOUNTS ( S2 )
currency
Uses in Debits
Balance of
Credits
SNA
Payments
Resour
ces in
SNA
USES
RESSOURCES
I.
EXTERNAL
ACCOUNT
OF
GOODS
AND
SERVICES
1. CURRENT
ACCOUNT
1.A. Goods
and services
686
P6
834
P7
Exports of goods and 686
services
1.A.a
Goods
585
P61
736
P71
Exports of goods
585
1.A.b
Services
101
P72
Exports of services
101
P62
98
Imports of goods and
services
834
Imports of goods
736
Imports of services
98
External balance of 148
goods and services
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Balance of Payments
Credits
Uses
SNA
in
Debits
Resources in
SNA
1.B PRIMARY INCOME
1.B.1 Compensation of employees
40
1.B.2 Investment income
1.B.2.1 Direct investment
1.B.2.1.1 Income on equity and
investment
fund shares
1.B.2.1.1.1 Dividends and withdrawals from
income of quasi-corporations
1.B.2.1.1.2 Reinvested earnings
1.B.2.2 Portfolio investment
1.B.2.2.1 Investment income on equity and
investment fund shares
1.B.2.2.1.1 Dividends on equity excluding
investment fund shares
1.B.2.2.1.2 Investment income attributable to
investment fund shareholders
1.B.2.2.2 Interest
1.B.2.3 Other investment
1.B.2.3.1 Withdrawals from income of quasicorporations
1.B.2.3.2 Interest
1.B.2.3.3 Investment income attributable to
policyholders in insurance, pension schemes, and
standardized guarantee schemes
1.B.2.4 Reserve assets
1.B.2.4.1 Income on equity and investment fund
shares
1.B.2.4.2 Interest
1.B.3 Other primary income
1.B.3.1 Taxes on production and on imports
1.B.3.2 Subsidies
1.B.3.3 Rent
Balance on goods, services, and primary income (+
surplus; – deficit)
18
10
D1
10
D1
83
44
5
D42
22
D42
3
D42
20
D42
2
4
D43
2
21
D43
1
D42
10
D42
2
D44
1
D44
1
2
D41
10
7
D41
1
D44
4
D44
1
D41
2
D41
-
D44
1
D44
2
11
1
D42
5
D42
1
10
D41
6
20
D41
10
D2
D3
D45
20
D2
D3
D45
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1.C SECONDARY INCOME
Balance on secondary income (+ surplus; – deficit)
1.C.1 General government
1.C.1.1 Current taxes on income, wealth, etc.
1.C.1.2 Social contributions
1.C.1.3 Social benefits n.a.
1.C.1.4 Current international cooperation
1.C.1.5 Miscellaneous current transfers of general government
1.C.2
Financial
corporations,
nonfinancial
corporations,
households, and NPISHs
1.C.2.1 Personal transfers (Current transfers between resident
and nonresident households)
1.C.2.0.1 Current taxes on income, wealth, etc. n.a.
87
1
2
D51
D61
10
1
D51
D61
-
D62+D63
-
D62+D63
9
D74
1
D74
75
D75
8
D75
6
3
D75
11
D75
-
D51
2
D51
1.C.2.0.2 Social contributions
1.C.2.0.3 Social benefits
1.C.2.0.4 Net nonlife insurance premiums
1.C.2.0.5 Nonlife insurance claims
1.C.2.0.6 Current international cooperation
1.C.2.0.7 Miscellaneous current transfers
1.C.3 Adjustment for change in pension entitlements
2 CAPITAL ACCOUNT
Capital account balance (+ surplus; – deficit)
2.1 Gross acquisitions (DR.)/disposals (CR.) of non-produced
nonfinancial assets
2.2 Capital transfers
2.2.1 General government
2.2.1.1 Debt forgiveness
2.2.1.2 Other capital transfers
Of which:2.2.1.2.1 Capital taxes
2.2.2
Financial
corporations,
nonfinancial
corporations,
households, and NPISHs
2.2.2.1 Debt forgiveness
2.2.2.2 Other capital transfers
Of which: 2.2.2.2.1 Capital taxes
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) (balance from current and
capital accounts) (B9)
22
2
1
-
D61
D61
D62+D63
D62+D63
D71
D72
D74
D75
D8
4
5
-
D71
D72
D74
D75
D8
D9
D9
D99
D91
D99
D91
20
D99
D91
20
10
D99
D91
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Uses
Resources
II. EXTERNAL ACCOUNT OF PRIMARY INCOME
AND CURRENT TRANSFERS
D.1
Compensation of employees
40
10
D.11
Wages and salaries
40
10
D.4
Property income
28
103
D.41
Interest
3
18
D.42
Distributed income of corporation
12
58
D.421
Dividends
12
58
D.43
Reinvested earnings on direct foreign
investment
2
2
D44
Other investment income
1
5
D45
Rents
10
20
D.5
Current taxes on income and wealth
1
2
D.51
Taxes on income
1
2
D59
Other current taxes
D61
Net social contributions
2
1
D62
Social benefits
transfers in kind
D.7
Other current transfers
90
29
D71
Net non-life insurance premiums
2
4
D72
Non-life insurance claims
1
5
D73
Current
transfers
government
D.74
Current international cooperation
9
1
D.75
Miscellaneous current transfers
78
19
B.12
Current external balance
132
0
other
than
within
social
general
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III.1.1 CHANGE IN NET WORTH DUE TO
SAVING AND CAPITAL TRANSFERS ACCOUNT
B.12
Current external balance
132
D.9
Capital transfers, receivable
20
D91
Capital taxes
10
D92
Investment grants
D.99
Other capital transfers
D.9
Capital transfers, payable
D91
Capital taxes
D92
Investment grants
D.99
Other capital transfers
B.10.1
Change in net worth due to saving and
capital transfers account
10
152
III. 1.2 ACQUISITION OF NON FINANCIAL
ASSETS ACCOUNT
B10.1
Change in net worth due to saving and
capital transfers account
B.9
Net
lending
net borrowing (-)
(+)
/
152
152
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INTEGRATED ECONOM IC ACCOUNTS TAB LE
- cu rren cy
Entries of the:
T otal
Economy
Transactions
S1
Rest of the
Goods and
world
services
account
account
Entries of the:
T otal
T otal
Economy
S2
Rest of the
Goods and
world
services
account
account
S1
T otal
S2
Transactions
EXTERNAL ACCOUNT OF GOODS AND SERVICES
P6
Exports of goods and services
686.0
686.0
686.0
686.0 P6
Exports of goods and services
P61
Exports of goods
585.0
585.0
585.0
585.0 P61
Exports of goods
P62
Exports of services
101.0
101.0
101.0
101.0 P62
Exports of services
P7
Imports of goods and services
834.0
834.0
834.0
834.0 P7
Imports of goods and services
P71
Imports of goods
736.0
736.0
736.0
736.0 P71
Imports of goods
P72
B11
Imports of services
98.0
98.0
98.0
98.0 P72
B11
Ex ternal balance of goods
and services
148.0
Imports of services
Ex ternal balance of
goods and services
148.0
I PRODUCTION ACCOUNT
P1
Output
P11
- Market output
P12
- Output for own final use
P13
- Other non-market output
P 2
Intermediate consumption
D21D31
B1
T axes less subsidies on products
Gross value added
B1*
Gross domestic product
3817.0
3817.0
3817.0
2952.0
2952.0
2952.0
475.0
475.0
475.0
390.0
390.0
390.0
Gross value added
D1
Compensation of employees
D11
Gross wages and salaries
D12
Employers` social contributions
D121
D21
Employers` actual social
contributions
Employers` imputed social
contributions
T axes on production and
imports
T axes on products
D211
Value added taxes
D212
T axes and duties on imports
excluding VAT
Import duties
D122
D2
D2121
D2122
D214
D29
T axes on imports excluding
VAT and duties
T axes on products except VAT
and
Other taxes on production
2952.0 P11
P12
475.0
Output
- Market output
2064.0
2064.0
221.0
221.0
1754.0
1754.0
B1
- Output for own final
use
- Other non-market
output
Intermediate
consumption
T axes less subsidies on
products
Gross value added
1976.0
1976.0
B1*
Gross domestic product
390.0
2064.0
2064.0
P13
P 2
D21-D31
II.1.1
B1
3817.0 P1
221.0
221.0
GENERATION OF INCOME ACCOUNT
1754.0
741.0
741.0
607.0
607.0
134.0
134.0
121.0
121.0
13.0
13.0
246.0
246.0
234.0
234.0
142.0
142.0
133.0
133.0
13.0
13.0
1.0
1.0
1754.0 B1
D1
D11
D12
Gross value added
Compensation of
employees
Gross wages and salaries
D21
Employers` social
contributions
Employers` actual social
contributions
Employers` imputed
social
T axes on production and
imports
T axes on products
D211
Value added taxes
D212
T axes and duties on
imports
Import duties
D121
D122
D2
D2121
D2122
D214
T axes on imports
excluding
T axes on products except
VAT and
Other taxes on
production
- building taxes
79.0
79.0
12.0
12.0
- building taxes
6.0
6.0
- sample fiscal taxes
0.0
0.0
- sample fiscal taxes
- means of transport taxes
1.0
1.0
- means of transport
taxes
- other taxes
- other taxes
D29
5.0
5.0
D3
Subsidies
-28.0
-28.0
D3
Subsidies
D31
Subsidies on products
-12.0
-12.0
D31
Subsidies on products
D39
Other subsidies on production
D39
B2
Gross operating surplus
Other subsidies on
production
Gross operating
surplus
-16.0
1016.0
-16.0
1016.0
B2
African Centre for
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Entries of the:
T otal
Economy
Transactions
S1
Goods and
world
services
account
account
Gross operating surplus
D1
Compensation of employees
D11
Gross wages and salaries
D12
D21
Employers` social
contributions
Employers` actual social
contributions
Employers` imputed social
contributions
T axes on production and
imports
T axes on products
D211
D212
D121
D122
D2
D2121
D2122
D214
D29
T otal
S1
40. 0
40. 0
40. 0
40. 0
Compensation of
employees
Gross wages and salaries
134. 0
134. 0
D12
121. 0
121. 0
D121
13. 0
13. 0
D122
D211
Value added taxes
0. 0
133. 0
133. 0
D212
13. 0
13. 0
T axes and duties on
imports
Import duties
T axes on imports excluding
VAT
T axes on products except
VAT and
Other taxes on production
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
1. 0
1. 0
79. 0
79. 0
D2
D2121
D2122
D214
D29
T axes on imports
excluding VAT
T axes on products except
VAT and
Other taxes on production
12. 0
12. 0
- building taxes
0. 0
6. 0
6. 0
- building taxes
- sample fiscal taxes
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
- sample fiscal taxes
- means of transport taxes
0. 0
1. 0
1. 0
- other taxes
0. 0
5. 0
5. 0
Interest
Distributed income of
corporations
Dividends
28. 0
309. 0
117. 0
3. 0
120. 0
62. 0
12. 0
74. 0
61. 0
12. 0
D44
W ithdrawals from income of
quasiReinvested earnings on direct
foreign
Other investment income
10. 0
1. 0
D45
Rent
87. 0
10. 0
B5
Balance of primary
incomes/Gross national
1. 0
5. 0
2. 0
D51
Balance of primary
incomes/Gross national
Current taxes on income,
wealth, etc.
T axes on income
D59
D61
Other current taxes
Social contributions
D611
Actual social contributions
D6111
Employers, actual social
contributions
Employees, social
contributions
Social contributions by self
and
Imputed social contributions
-28. 0
-12. 0
-12. 0
-16. 0
-16. 0
D31
Subsidies on products
D39
D4
Other subsidies on
production
Property income
335. 0
119. 0
D41
Interest
29. 0
58. 0
87. 0
D42
73. 0
28. 0
58. 0
86. 0
D421
Distributed income of
corporations
Dividends
1. 0
1. 0
1. 0
D422
9. 0
D43
13. 0
D44
W ithdrawals from income
of quasiReinvested earnings on
direct foreign
Other investment income
107. 0
D45
Rent
B5
Balance of primary
incomes/Gross national
B5
97. 0
7. 0
2. 0
8. 0
87. 0
5. 0
20. 0
1956. 0
SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME ACCOUNT
111. 0
1. 0
112. 0
111. 0
0. 0
111. 0
108. 0
3. 0
1. 0
109. 0
3. 0
108. 0
3. 0
2. 0
110. 0
3. 0
D51
Balance of primary
incomes/Gross national
Current taxes on income,
wealth, etc.
T axes on income
199. 0
2. 0
201. 0
199. 0
1. 0
200. 0
D59
D61
Other current taxes
Social contributions
185. 0
2. 0
187. 0
185. 0
1. 0
186. 0
D611
Actual social contributions
121. 0
0. 0
121. 0
121. 0
0. 0
121. 0
D6111
61. 0
2. 0
63. 0
61. 0
1. 0
62. 0
3. 0
0. 0
3. 0
3. 0
0. 0
3. 0
Employers, actual social
contributions
Employees, social
contributions
Social contributions by
self and
Imputed social
contributions
Social benefits other than
social
Other current transfers
1956. 0
13. 0
1956. 0
13. 0
13. 0
Social benefits other than
social
Other current transfers
171. 0
0. 0
171. 0
171. 0
0. 0
171. 0
179. 0
90. 0
269. 0
277. 0
29. 0
306. 0
Net non-life insurance
premiums
Non-life insurance claims
24. 0
2. 0
26. 0
24. 0
4. 0
28. 0
9. 0
1. 0
10. 0
9. 0
5. 0
14. 0
74. 0
74. 0
Current transfers within
general
Current international
cooperation
Miscellaneous current transfers
- other taxes
Subsidies
103. 0
18. 0
11. 0
1956. 0
-28. 0
- means of transport taxes
D3
232. 0
101. 0
7. 0
II. 2
D75
D11
T axes and duties on imports
excluding VAT
Import duties
D42
D74
637. 0
D21
D41
D73
10. 0
142. 0
281. 0
D72
637. 0
142. 0
Property income
D71
D1
0. 0
D4
D7
Gross operating surplus
771. 0
Value added taxes
0. 0
D62
B2
10. 0
234. 0
Other subsidies on production
D612
1016. 0
771. 0
246. 0
D39
D6113
Transactions
234. 0
0. 0
D6112
account
S2
246. 0
Subsidies on products
D5
account
T otal
0. 0
0. 0
D31
B5
services
Employers` social
contributions
Employers` actual social
contributions
Employers` imputed social
contributions
T axes on production and
imports
T axes on products
0. 0
D43
Goods and
world
1016. 0
Subsidies
D422
Rest of the
ALLOCATION OF PRIMARY INCOME ACCOUNT
D3
D421
T otal
Economy
S2
II. 1. 2
B2
Entries of the:
Rest of the
74. 0
13. 0
74. 0
1. 0
9. 0
10. 0
9. 0
1. 0
10. 0
71. 0
78. 0
149. 0
160. 0
19. 0
179. 0
D5
D6112
D6113
D612
D62
D7
D71
D72
D73
D74
D75
Net non-life insurance
premiums
Non-life insurance claims
Current transfers within
general
Current international
cooperation
Miscellaneous current
transfers
African Centre for
Statistics
Entries of the:
Transactions
Total
Rest of the
Goods and
Economy
world
services
account
account
S1
Entries of the:
Total
S2
Total
Rest of the
Goods and
Economy
world
services
account
account
S1
Total
S2
Transactions
II.4.1 USE OF DISPOSABLE INCOME ACCOUNT
B6
Gross disposable income
P3
B8
Final consumption
expenditure
Individual consumption
expenditure
Collective consumption
expenditure
Gross saving
B12
Current external balance
P31
P32
2054.0
2054.0
1692.0
1692.0
1692.0
1692.0
1492.0
1492.0
1492.0
1492.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
362.0
362.0
132.0
B6
P3
P31
P32
B8
B12
132.0
CHANGES IN
ASSETS
B8
Gross saving
D9
Capital transfers,
receivable
Investment grants,
receivable
Other capital transfers,
receivable
Capital transfers, payable
D92
D99
D9
D92
D99
B10.1
B10.1
P51
P52
K2
K21
K22
B9
Investment grants,
payable
Other capital transfers,
payable
Changes in net worth
due to saving and
Changes in net worth due
to saving and capital
Gross fixed capital
formation
Changes in inventories
Acquisitions less
disposals of nonAcquisitions less
disposals of
Acquisition less
disposals of intangible
Net lending (+) / net
borrowing (-)
Gross disposable
income
Final consumption
expenditure
Individual
consumption
Collective
consumption
Gross saving
Current external
balance
CHANGES IN
ASSETS
362.0
37.0
132.0
20.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
39.0
-28.0
0.0
-28.0
-9.0
152.0
57.0
18.0
-19.0
371.0
494.0
-19.0
0.0
-9.0
371.0
523.0
8.0
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Gross saving
D9
Capital transfers,
receivable
Investment grants,
receivable
Other capital
transfers, receivable
Capital transfers,
payable
Investment grants,
payable
Other capital
transfers, payable
Changes in net
worth due to
D92
D99
D9
D92
D99
B10.1
431668.8
523.0
B8
152.0
523.0
B10.1
P51
P52
K2
K21
K22
-152.0
152.0
B9
Changes in net
worth due to saving
Gross fixed capital
formation
Changes in
inventories
Acquisitions less
disposals of nonAcquisitions less
disposals of
Acquisition less
disposals of
Net lending (+) /
net borrowing (-)
African Centre for
Statistics
Points for discussions
• Use of BoPs for NA estimation – countries
experience
• Adjustments for unrecorded international trade
• Goods sent abroad for processing
• Merchanting
African Centre for
Statistics