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The Statistic Monitoring and Appraisal
System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
Tang Ying Yu
Chongqing Municipality Statistics Bureau
Excerpt: Being a newly emerged municipality in China, the city of Chongqing is
situated in an interlinked region with the Eastern and Western parts of the country
converged together, exhibiting a natural combination of both Eastern and Western social
and economic phenomena, in which developed urban economy and backward rural
economy coexist simultaneously, forming up a distinctive dually-structured, fragile ecoenvironment, which is virtually an epitome of the whole national condition of China. In
March, 2007, the Central Party Committee and the State Council, having given
considerations to the optimization of the overall strategic planning of the regional
development of the whole country, made a particular plan for the development of the
Chongqing Municipality, requesting that the Municipality adopt a non-balanced
development strategic path in coordination with the sustainable development in its
endeavors to build Chongqing into a municipality with both its urban and rural
developments planned in a whole grand scheme. Therefore, the overall planning of
urban-rural development has in fact become the primary and prioritized strategy in the
present development stage for Chongqing. Hence, based upon the particular situation
and condition of the Municipality and an overall study and mastery of the connotation
and intensity on the holistically planned urban-rural development, the actual foundation
of the Municipality and its overall planning of urban-and-rural development strategy, as
well as by drawing upon relevant experiences from both home and abroad, this thesis
has ascertained the “The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall planning of &
Rural Development of the Chongqing Municipality” and the 2020 development goals,
which have adopted subjective weight method and synthesized index method in the
initial construction of the ‘The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall
planning of & Urban and Rural Development of the Chongqing Municipality’
2
Part One: A holistically planned urban-and-rural
development is a natural and necessary choice for
Chongqing in its scientific development
1. The necessity and requirement due to the Municipality’s particular condition
As a famous cultural city with a history stretching over 3,000 years, Chongqing is an
old industrial base in western China and at the same time a newly emerged
municipality. The colossal Municipality urban system is made up of a very large city
(the metropolitan area), six large cities, 25 small and medium sized cities, 495 small
towns with a total land area of 82.4 thousand square kilometers. The total registered
population reaches 32.35 million people with population density and economy
density reaching 393 person/per square kilometers and 5 million Yuan/ per square
kilometers respectively, a level 1.9 times higher and 0.9 times higher respectively
than the national averages. For the past 11 years since Chongqing became a
municipality, its urbanization has kept a rapid development trend at a 1.7% pace on
year-by-year basis with its 2007 urbanization rate reaching 48.3%, which exceeded
the national average level.
3
Part One: A holistically planned urban-and-rural
development is a natural and necessary choice for
Chongqing in its scientific development
Proportion of population density
between Chongqing and the
country in 2007
Proportion of economic density
between Chongqing and the
country in 2007
0.9
times
1.9
times
CHINA
4
Chongqing
CHINA
Chongqing
Part One: A holistically planned urban-and-rural
development is a natural and necessary choice for
Chongqing in its scientific development
The urban economy constitutes the principal part of the whole economy of
Chongqing. In 2007, the three times of investigation of industrial added value ratios
were 11.7：45.9：42.4 respectively. Of its total 412.3 billion Yuan of industrial
value, 88.3% was produced in the urban area. Being one of the six oldest industrial
bases of China, Chong Qing enjoys a relatively complete modern industrial system
with relatively developed industries of automobile and motor, petroleum natural
gases, equipment manufacturing, material and metallurgy, electronic information, etc
with its industrial sector making up 38.1% of the total national economy, which has a
contribution rate above 50% in GDP growth. The rapid industrial growth has become
a distinctive feature in the industrial growth structure of the Municipality. At present
the per capita GDP of Chong Qing is at a transitional period which ranges from 2000
to 3,000 US dollars, and its industrial structure is in the metaphase of the whole
industrialization development with an overall transformation in the economic
structure.
5
Part One: A holistically planned urban-and-rural
development is a natural and necessary choice for
Chongqing in its scientific development
Proportion of the three industrial
values in Chongqing,2007.
Secondary Industry
45.9%
Primary
Industry
11.7%
Industry
38.1%
Tertiary Industry
42.4%
2007,Of its total 412.3 billion Yuan of
industrial value, 88.3% was produced in
the urban area.
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Industry percentage in GDP of
Chongqing,2007
2007, which has a contribution rate
above 50% in GDP growth.
Part One: A holistically planned urban-and-rural
development is a natural and necessary choice for
Chongqing in its scientific development
Chongqing is the largest, most populous municipality in China with a widest
jurisdiction area that is 5, 7,13 times those of Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai
respectively. The total population of Chongqing is 2.7, 3.4, and 2.3 times those of
Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai respectively. The total number of regions under the
Municipality’s jurisdiction reaches 40, more than twice as many as those of Beijing,
Tianjin, and Shanghai respectively. In 2007, the urban area, which makes up 6.6% of
the total of the whole Metropolitan area, possessed 43.5% of the total GDP of the
Municipality with its economy density reaching 37.77 million yuan/per square
kilometers. Besides, the per capita GDP of Chongqing was 3,690 US dollars,
climbing up to those of countries with middle level incomes, as publicized by the
World Bank. In contrast to the urban area, the economy densities in regions outside
the metropolitan area of the Municipality is only 3.03 million Yuan/per square
kilometers with a per capita GDP at 1485 US dollars, or 1.5 times lower than that of
the metropolitan area. The difference of incomes between the urban and rural
residents is 3.91:1. In addition to those, the particular and special fabrication of
large city, large countryside, large reservoir area, and large mountainous area leads to
huge unbalanced developments between the urban and rural, and among different
regions. Due to such a dually structured feature, the Municipality is faced with a
pressing and arduous task in its economic development.
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Part One: A holistically planned urban-and-rural
development is a natural and necessary choice for
Chongqing in its scientific development
Comparison of area
5
times
BeiJing
8
7
times
2.7
times
13
times
TianJin ShangHai
Comparison of population
ChongQing
BeiJing
3.4
times
2.3
times
TianJin ShangHai
ChongQing
Part One: A holistically planned urban-and-rural
development is a natural and necessary choice for
Chongqing in its scientific development
2. Requirements Laid Out in the “314” Overall Planning by the Central Party
Committee and the State Council
Three Orientations
An important economic growth
pole in the Western area of
China
An economic center in
the upper reach region
of the Yangtze River
A municipality under an
holistically planned
scheme of urban and
rural development
One Goal (namely, being a pioneer in the realization of building up a overall
moderately well-off society in the Western region)
Four Great Tasks
intensify the
efforts of
promoting
agriculture
with industrial
strength
9
promote the development
of the rural area with that
of the urban area in its
step-by-step and down-toearth mannered
endeavors of pushing
forward the construction
of the socialist new
countryside
practically transform the
economic growth mode and
speed up the paces in the
adjustment of its old
industrial base; come up
with practical measures to
solve problems concerning
people’s livelihood so as to
build up a harmonious
socialist society
quicken its steps in
urbanization
construction with
enhanced
management level
and skills
Part One: A holistically planned urban-and-rural
development is a natural and necessary choice for
Chongqing in its scientific development
3. Requirements by the general logical laws in urbanization development
The relationships between industrial workers and farmers, and those between urban
and rural areas are natural issues and problems that all countries in the world must
face and find solutions during their economic social developments. Viewed by the
general logical law as shown in various countries in the world, during the initial
period of industrialization, it is a common trend that agriculture should support and
provide accumulations to the industrial development. However, when the
industrialization has reached a certain level and degree, it is also a common trend for
the industry to give back its support to agriculture in realizing a coordinated
development between industry and agriculture and that between the urban and rural
areas. Right now, the economic development of Chongqing has stepped into a special
period where its economy and social structure is undergoing a rapid adjustment. The
fine and healthy interactions and mutual promotions between industrialization and
urbanization have provided good opportunities for the implementation of a
holistically planned strategy of the urban-and-rural development, optimizing the
industrial layout, guiding the task assignments and cooperation of both urban and
rural areas, as well as building up policies and system for the coordinated
development of the urban and rural areas so as to lay a solid foundation for finding
out solutions so as to address the problems of weak agricultural bases, low income
farmers, and lagged development of the countryside.
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Part One: A holistically planned urban-and-rural
development is a natural and necessary choice for
Chongqing in its scientific development
3. Requirements by the general logical laws in urbanization development
The colossal systematic project of the holistically planned urban-and-rural area
development is, in effect, a strategic adjustment made on a whole national economic
and social development level. In pushing forward the holistically planned urban-andrural area development, close attention should be attached to the dynamic situation
of the urban-rural social development with an overall analysis and an accurate
judgment on the actual course according to various strategies regarding the
holistically planned development and its existing problems. Thereby, as government
statistic organizations, we should actively promote our research on the construction
of “The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development” and try to materialize the system at an earliest possible date so as to
carry out periodic monitoring and appraisals on the strategic goals in the overall
planned development of the whole Municipality, thus laying out foundations for
governments on various levels to make, adjust, and perfect their policies in this
regard.
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Part two: Connotations and Main Features of the
Overall Planning of Urban & Rural Development
1. Some classic discourses on overall planning of urban & rural development
In ‘The Principles of Communism’, Engels points out: ‘… only through eradicating
the old-moded job assignments…and through sharing welfare created by the
common efforts of the whole society, as well as through the amalgamation of the city
and the countryside, can talents of the whole society members be fully developed.’
Lenin also points out that ‘The status of rural residents can only be improved, freeing
them from isolated and helpless situation and position when they have migrated into
the cities with a mingling of both agricultural and non-agricultural populations’. ‘It is
just this very appropinquity of living conditions of the agricultural and nonagricultural populations that can create conditions for eradicating the antitheses or
contradictions between the city and the countryside. The development economist
Louis enthusiastically argues that ‘Urban centers should be established to form
greater regional unity so as to reconstruct balances between the urban and rural areas
with all the residents enjoying benefits brought about by a genuine city life’. The
Howard garden city theory proposes the development path to realize the combination
of city and the countryside under industrialization: ‘Replacing the old social
structure of antitheses between the urban and rural areas with a new social structure
of the integration of the both’.
12
Part two: Connotations and Main Features of the
Overall Planning of Urban & Rural Development
2. Discourse made by the Sixteenth Party Congress Report on the holistically
planned urban-rural development
At the Sixteenth Party Congress Report, it was pointed out that: ‘It is a momentous
and important task that an overall planning of the urban-rural economic social
development and the construction of a modern agriculture and the development of
the agricultural economy to increase farmers’ incomes should be realized’. At the 3rd
Plenary Meeting of the Sixteenth Party Congress, it was pointed out that: ‘ A fuller
play must be given to the basic and essential role of the market in resource
collocations so as to provide strong and forcible systematic assurances to building up
a all-round moderate well-off society through abiding by the principles of an overall
planning of urban-rural development, of regional development, of social and
economic development, of a natural and harmonious development between humanity
and the great nature, as well as of a holistic planning of domestic development and
requirements for opening up to the outside world’. Furthermore, the Fourth Plenary
Meeting of the Sixteenth Party Congress also stresses: ‘Supports must be returned to
agriculture by industry so that a coordinated and harmonious development between
industry and agriculture, and that between urban and rural areas can be achieved’.
13
Part two: Connotations and Main Features of the
Overall Planning of Urban & Rural Development
3. Discourse in strategic development planning for Chongqing on the holistically
planned urban and rural development
urban and rural land
management and usage system
the urban and rural labor
force employment
five
key
tasks
the orderly
transformation of farmers
to urban residents
public services
urban and rural social security
system, public fiscal system
six
reforming
experiments
urban and rural social security
system
public fiscal system
income distribution
rural financial system
development and planning
urban and rural administrative
systems
We must speed up the implementation of what we call “One Circle and Two Wings”
strategic layout, and build up the socialist new countryside with practical and down-toearth measures. Great efforts must also be put into the construction of the New Three
Georges Reservoir Zone and we must quicken our steps in perfecting integrated
transportation and communication hinges in order to upgrade the “soft” management
strength of Chong Qing. On top of those, we must also strengthen regional cooperation
and build the growth pole in the Western region and hold up to the policy of greater
opening up to the outside world so as to promote greater development of Chong Qing.
14
Part two: Connotations and Main Features of the
Overall Planning of Urban & Rural Development
the
connotation
of the
holistically
planned
urban and
rural
development
1. The holistic planning of urban and rural systems which encompass an
overall planning of the urban and rural labor force employment system,
and that of household management system, and that of fiscal distribution
and transferred payment system, that of the social security system, and
that of the educational and public health system, etc.
2. The holistic planning mainly concerns some basic factors of the urban
and rural areas including holistically planned basic factors of the urban
and rural areas, including the land factors, the capital management, and
human resources, etc.
3. The connotation covers holistic planning of urban and rural
relationships such as an overall planning of urban and rural relations in
different trades and industries, that of regional relationship, and that of
the urban and rural residents, etc.
In constructing The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall
Planning of Urban & Rural Development, emphasis should be laid upon
reflecting the urban and rural structure that involves various basic factors in
the overall planning of urban and rural development, characteristics of the
changes in regional structures, as well as the connections between
microcosmic and macrocosmic aspects with descriptive indicators as the
foundation and integrated indexes as the main elements. Correlation among
various indicators must also be made clear so as to increase the information
volume covered by the monitoring indicator system.
15
Part three: Goals, principles, and methods in
constructing The Monitoring and Appraisal System of
the Overall Planning of Urban & Rural Development
1. Goals
The goals in
constructing The
Monitoring and
Appraisal
System of the
Overall
Planning of &
Rural
Development.
16
1. Building up the platform for constructing the holistically
planned urban and rural development and making
synthesized use of the information resources of each and
every government department.
2. Keeping track of the actual progress of implementing the
strategy of urban and rural development of Chong Qing
and monitoring the dynamic urban and rural development,
as well as the shortcomings and problems.
3. Providing guiding services to making and perfecting
policies and measures for constructing the Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development and giving full play to the role of aptitude and
qualifications of the statistic science.
Part three: Goals, principles, and methods in
constructing The Monitoring and Appraisal System of
the Overall Planning of Urban & Rural Development
2. Principles
(1) Principle regarding the levels
The holistically planned urban and rural development is a complicated system, which can
be divided into several subsystems according to some inherent relationships. Hence, in
describing and giving appraisals on the holistically planned urban and rural economic
and social development as regards its extent and status, different indicators should be
used on different levels so as to facilitate the adjustment and control over economic and
social problems on different levels by policy makers of the Party and Government.
(2) Principles of being measurable and comparability
The measurable degree refers to the good sensibility of the monitoring indicator system
with biggest possible quantified changes clearly reflected. The comparability stands for
the transverse and longitudinal comparisons according to the unified definition of certain
indicator(s). Principle of the unity between urban and rural areas must be abided by so as
to break any dual standards as regards making appraisals of urban and rural
developments.
(3) Principle of combining completeness and simplicity
The urban and rural differences lie in different economic and social aspects. Therefore, it
is imperative that the monitoring indicator system should have an all-round coverage
with a synthesized reflection of the various factors concerning the holistically planned
urban and rural development. Meanwhile, due to many-faceted restrictions, such
elements as refinedness, explicitness, and representiveness must also be requested so as to
give accurate and clear-cut reflections of the problems.
17
Part three: Goals, principles, and methods in
constructing The Monitoring and Appraisal System of
the Overall Planning of Urban & Rural Development
2. Principles
(4)Principle of relevancy and dynamics
The core issue regarding an overall planning of urban and rural development is the
materialization of a coordinated development between urban and rural areas, and
between and among different industries and trades, and between the economic and social
aspects. Intimate and inherent relations must be kept among various motoring indicators
so that better appraisals can be made as regards to what extent the development of urban
and rural aspects has been accomplished. Besides, the chosen monitoring indicators must
possess certain dynamic sensibilities.
(5)Principle of compatibility with constructing an all-round well-off society
The overall planning of urban and rural development is a strategic path leading to the
realization of the goals in constructing an all-round well-off society as well as the inherent
major factors in this regard with the coordinated urban and rural development and a
happy life enjoyed by all the people as the starting point and foundation. Accordingly, the
Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural Development
should be compatible with the system of monitoring indicators in constructing an allround well-off society, and in a like manner, the course and progress of the holistically
planned urban and rural development must also be kept in conformity with those of
building up an all-round well-off society towards a same direction.
18
Part three: Goals, principles, and methods in
constructing The Monitoring and Appraisal System of
the Overall Planning of Urban & Rural Development
3. Ascertaining the target values
The bordering target value of the statistic monitoring indicators of the holistically
planned urban & rural development takes the present actual foundation of the
economic society of Chongqing as its precondition, and it is based upon the goals set
for the holistically planned urban and rural development strategy and the monitored
goals set for constructing an all-round well-off society of the whole country, as well
as based upon synthesizing standards practiced in some relatively developed Eastern
provinces and cities in China and those in some of the advanced countries.
19
Part three: Goals, principles, and methods in
constructing The Monitoring and Appraisal System of
the Overall Planning of Urban & Rural Development
4. Ascertaining the weight values
In ascertaining of the weight values for The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the
Overall Planning of Urban and Rural Development, layer-by-layer structured and
Delphi weight modes in the subjective weight methods have been adopted. The
basic procedures are as follows: the general framework of the indicator system is
divided into four subsystems, 19 first level indicators and 45 secondary level
indicators. The first step is ascertaining the weight of the four subsystems; the
second step is ascertaining the weight of each first level indicator in the four
subsystems; the third step is ascertaining the weight of each of the second level
indicator under the first level indicator; and the final step is calculating the weight of
each indicator towards the general goal. As the experts generally agreed upon the
opinions regarding the weight values, two rounds of inquiries were conducted.
20
Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
1.The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
According to the connotations and principles of constructing The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural Development, we have adopted
45 secondary level indicators, which are further synthesized into 19 first level
indicators, forming up The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall Planning
of & Rural Development. (See the following table for detailed information and
contents)
21
The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall
Planning of & Rural Development of the Chongqing
Municipality
Name of indicator
Unit
1. Economic development level
Target
value(2020)
30
%
5
≧70
(2) Per capita GDP
Yuan(RMB)
7
≧32,000
(3) Proportion of “One circle and two wings” per
capita GDP
with the
“two wings”
as 1
4
≦2.0
％
5
≦40
(1) Urbanization rate
(4) Duality structured index
Industrial structure
22
Weight
value
％
Labor force employment structure
％
Population structure
％
(5) Land consolidation index
％
5
≧60
(6) Index of rural marketing trend
％
4
≧90
Rate of agricultural products-turned commodities
％
≧80
Farmers’consumption market rate
％
≧95
The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall
Planning of & Rural Development of the Chongqing
Municipality
Name of indicator
Unit
2. Social development level
(7) Urban and rural educational development index
Per capita educational expenditure of students
presently at school
Number of full-time teachers owned by per
thousand school students
Gross enrollment rate of high school education
Proportion of middle vocational educational
students presently studying at school
(8) Urban and rural public health development
index
Number of licensed (or assistant)physicians owned
by per thousand people
Number o patient beds per thousand people
Community health service center coverage rate
(9)Index of basic urban and rural social security
coverage
23
Weight
value
Target
value(2020)
25
％
Yuan
(RMB)
5
100
1.25
≧7,250
人
1.25
100
％
1.25
100
％
1.25
≧20
％
5
100
persons
1.5
≧36
Bed
％
With
agricultu
re as 100
1.5
2
≧34
100
5
≦125
The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall
Planning of & Rural Development of the Chongqing
Municipality
Name of indicator
(10)Equal income distribution index
％
Weight
value
5
Target
value(2020)
100
Geordie coefficient of urban resident
1
Geordie coefficient of rural resident
1
Geordie coefficient of urban and rural resident
1
5
0.3-0.4
With agriculture as 100
5
100
With agriculture as 100
0.7
≦110
With agriculture as 100
0.7
≦150
With agriculture as 100
0.6
0.6
0.6
100
100
80
With agriculture as 100
0.6
≦120
With agriculture as 100
0.6
≦180
％
0.6
80
(11)Index of services enjoyed in the urban and
rural people’s livelihood
Tap water popularization rate
Per capita household electricity consumption of
the residents
Coverage rate of broadcasting population
Coverage rate of television population
Road smoothness rate (traffic jam-free rate)
Fixed line telephones owned by per hundred
household
Mobile phones owned by per hundred
household
Harm-free disposal rate of household garbage
24
Unit
With agriculture as 100
％
The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall
Planning of & Rural Development of the Chongqing
Municipality
Name of indicator
3. Level of living quality
(12)Index of resident income
Per capita disposable income of the urban resident
families
Per capita net income of the rural resident families
Proportion of urban and rural resident incomes
(13)Index of the residents’ consumptive expenditure
Per capita expenditure of urban residents
Per capita expenditure of rural residents
Proportion of per capita consumptive expenditure of
urban and rural residents
(14)Engel’s coefficient index of residents
Engel’s coefficient of the urban residents
Engel’s coefficient of the rural residents
Proportion of Engel’s coefficient of the urban and
rural residents
25
Target
value(2020)
％
Weight
value
18
6
Yuan
1
≧18,000
Yuan
With
agricultur
e as 100
2.5
≧14,400
2.5
≦200
6
1
2.5
100
≧13,500
≧11,520
2.5
≦180
6
1
2.5
100
≦33
≦40
2.5
≧84
Unit
Yuan
Yuan
With
agricultur
e as 100
％
％
％
With
agricultur
e as 100
100
The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall
Planning of & Rural Development of the Chongqing
Municipality
Name of indicator
Unit
4.Transferred labor force employment rate of the
countryside
26
Weight
value
Target
value(2020)
27
(15)Index of exported rural labor force
％
Proportion of the already transferred rural labor
force in the total labor force in the countryside
％
Proportion of newly increased transferred labor force
having undergone technical training in total number of
the transferred labor force people
％
Newly increased organized transferred labor force in
total number of the transferred labor force people
％
Labor force that has been transferred outside the city
in total number of the transferred labor force people
％
6
≧72
1.8
≧70
1.8
≧80
1.8
≧80
0.6
≧60
The Monitoring and Appraisal System of the Overall
Planning of & Rural Development of the Chongqing
Municipality
Name of indicator
(16)Labor force absorption rate
Labor force absorption by regional fabrication
Labor force absorption by industrial fabrication
Proportion of rural origin-turned labor force having been
transferred to work in urban areas in total number of the
transferred labor force people
(17)Index of migrant workers’rights and interests
insurance
Employment contract signing and implementation rate
Social insurance rate covering work-related injuries,
medicare, and retired life assurance, etc.
Minimum wage insurance rate
Housing insurance rate
Rural migrants’children’s enrollment rate
(18)Index of environment for self-established business by
the farmers
(19)Index of self-established business by farmers having
returned to their own home countryside
27
Weight
value
6
3.6
1.8
Target
value(2020)
≧74
≧60
100
0.6
≧80
6
100
％
％
1.2
100
1.2
100
％
％
％
％
1.2
1.2
1.2
100
100
100
5
≧80
4
≧30
Unit
％
％
％
％
％
％
Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(1) Urbanization rate reaching 70%
By 2002 world statistics, the average urbanization rate of countries with high
incomes had reached 77%, that of countries with middle higher incomes had reached
75%, and that of countries with middle or lower incomes had reached 49%. As for
the Municipality of Chongqing, the urbanization rate by 2020 will have reached 70%,
a level close to that of countries with middle higher incomes.
28
Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(2) Per capita GDP reaching 32,000 Yuan
The Sixteenth Party Congress ascertained the goal of quadrupling GDP by the 2020,
and the Seventeenth Party Congress modified the goal as quadrupling the per capita
GDP. By 2000, the per capita GDP of China was 7,858 Yuan. According to
comparable prices, by 2020, the per capita GDP will have reached 31,432 Yuan. As
for Chongqing, the set target value is 32,000 Yuan.
29
Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(3)The GDP ratio of ‘One Circle’ and ‘Two Wings’ to be kept at 2:1
From 2000 to 2007, the GDP ratio of ‘One Circle’ and ‘Two Wings’ of the
Municipality was kept around 2.5:1. Along with the implementation of the
holistically planned development strategy of ‘One Circle’ leading ‘Two Wings’, the
development of the ‘One Circle’ and ‘Two Wings’ will gradually reach a coordinated
development situation where the per capita GDP will be further reduced to as low as
2:1 by 2020.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(4)Duality structured index to be kept below 40％
The Duality structured index is a relative figure in weighing and measuring urban
and rural differences. The smaller the figure, the smaller the difference is. This index
is made by integrating such synthesized indexes as labor force employment structure,
industrial structure, population structure, and household registration. The formula of
duality structured index is as follows:
Duality structured index = ( proportion of agricultural added value + proportion of
agricultural work force + agricultural population) ÷ (proportion of non- agricultural
added value + proportion of non- agricultural work force + proportion of nonagricultural population).
Taking consideration of the essential status of agriculture in the whole economic
development, the agricultural economy must be kept on a considerable scale. It is
expected that by 2020, the proportion of agricultural added value will be 7%, and the
proportion of agricultural work force and agricultural population will be 35-40%. By
such a calculation method, the duality-structured index will drop to below 40% by
then.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(5) Land consolidation index no less than 60%
The land consolidation index reflects land transfer and consolidation degree, and it
reflects the ratio of land with certain sizable or larger area under business activities
to the total land area. The so-named “sizable land area” refers to that, during the
process of transferring land management right, the land area of the recipients under
business operation reaches 20 mu or (and) above on a per household basis
Land consolidation rate = land with certain sizable (or larger) area under business
activities÷the total land area×100%
Land consolidation is the only and necessary path in constructing modern
countryside and materializing the urban-rural integration. According to the target set
forth in reforming urban and rural land transfer and with references to international
experiences, we have ascertained that the targeted value of land consolidation
management index be set at 60%.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(6) Index of rural marketing trend reaching 90% or above
The index of rural marketing trend is synthesized through agricultural productsturned commodities and farmers’ consumption market rate, respectively by 40% and
60% through weight value synthesis.
The rural marketing trend and integration of urban and rural marketing is an
important aspect in the holistically planned urban and rural development. According
to requirements set forth for the development of urban-rural marketing and drawing
upon valuable experiences from the advanced countries, we have thus ascertained
that agricultural products-turned commodities and farmers’ consumption market rate
respectively be set at 80% and 95% with the index of rural marketing trend reaching
90%.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(7) Urban and rural educational development index reaching 100%
The urban and rural educational development index is the ratio value of the rural and
urban educational development indexes. The educational development index is a
synthesized index, which can reflect the development level in the educational field.
This index is synthesized by four indexes, namely, per capita educational
expenditure of school students, the number of full-time teachers owned by per
thousand school students, gross enrollment rate of high school education, and
proportion of middle vocational educational students presently studying at school.
We have set this target value at 100%. Details concerning this aspect are as follows:
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(7) Urban and rural educational development index reaching 100%
A. Per capita educational expenditure of school students:
Given that the average proportion of educational expenditure and GDP in countries
with middle level incomes is 4.3%, and the fact that there have been much too many
arrears in essential education as far as Chongqing is concerned, we have therefore set
our own target value in this regard to be half of that in countries with middle level
incomes. By 2020, the GDP of Chongqing will have reached 2000 billion Yuan, and
according to the statistic data concerning the population, the number of school
students will climb up to 5,931,540 with per capita educational expenditure of school
students as high as 7,250 Yuan.
B. The number of full-time teachers owned by per thousand school students:
According to general logical law in educational development, a rational ratio of
teachers and students should be no higher than 1:10, namely, the number of full-time
teachers owned by per thousand school students should be as many as 100.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(7) Urban and rural educational development index reaching 100%
C. Gross enrollment rate of high school education: As required by the overall
planning of urban and rural development scheme, as well as the specific
development goals set for educational undertakings in Chongqing, by 2020, high
school education will have been popularized. Therefore, by then, the gross
enrollment rate of high school education will reach 100%.
D. Proportion of middle vocational educational students presently studying at school
The Chongqing Municipality’s goal in this regard is to further strengthen its
vocational technical training on the basis of popularizing high school education with
a far greater development of vocational education. As a result, the proportion of
middle vocational educational students studying at school will have reached 20％ by
2020.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(8) Urban and rural development indexes
The urban and rural public health development index is the ratio value of rural and
urban public health indexes. The public health development index is a synthesized
index that reflects the level of public health and medical care. This synthesized index
is made up of three indexes, namely, the number of licensed (or assistant) physicians
owned by per thousand people, the number of patient beds per thousand people, and
the community health service center coverage rate.
According to the theory of an overall planning of urban and rural development
concerning requirements of equality and equalization of public services, we have
hence set our target value at 100%. Amongst which:
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(8) Urban and rural development indexes
A. The number of licensed (or assistant) physicians owned by per thousand people:
given the fact that, the present number of doctors owned by per thousand people in
EU countries is 30 or above, whereas that in the relatively developed regions in
China is as high as 40 or above, and through an overall consideration, the targeted
number set for Chongqing is 36(doctors).
B. The number of patient beds per thousand people: as this indicator in countries
with middle level incomes has reached 34(patient beds per then thousand people),
hence that of Chongqing should also reach such a level by 2020.
C. The community health service center coverage rate: according to the set goal of
the Chongqing Municipal Government, this indicator will reach 100%.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(9) Index of basic urban and rural social security coverage reaching 125%
Index of basic urban and rural social security coverage refers to the ratio of rural and
urban index of basic urban and rural social security coverage. The basic urban and
rural social security coverage represents the proportion of those people who already
enjoy basic retirement insurance, basic medical care insurance, and lowest possible
livelihood insurance in the total population entitled to such treatments. According to
the basic requirements and direction for development, the number of people in China
who are supposed to enjoy the basic social insurance should include the total labor
force in urban and rural areas, covering also regular retirees and retired people with
fully paid salaries in their retirement.
With a view to meet the demands set forth in the basic social insurance according to
the overall planning of development for urban and rural areas, by 2020, the basic
rural social insurance should reach 80％or above with the standard value set at 125
％(with agriculture as 100).
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(10) Equal income distribution index at set 100%
Geordie coefficient is an indicator used to weigh the equality and equalization of
income distribution. It is a interregional moderate indicator with its maximum value
set at ‘1’, minimum value at ‘0’, below 0.2 regarded as being highly equalized, 0.20.3 as relatively equalized, 0.3-0.4 as relatively rational, and 0.4 or above as too
great a disparity. In a holistically planned urban and rural development scheme, we
should not only seek after the equality in income distribution, but also take
considerations of the general logical law, which applies to the present stage of
development of Chongqing. Hence, we must pursue a relatively rational distribution
of incomes with the ascertained targeted standard value set at between 0.3 and 0.4.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(11)Urban and rural livelihood service index set at 100%
The urban and rural livelihood service index refers to the ratio of indexes regarding
urban and rural livelihood service level, which reflects the level of service provided
to the livelihood of the residents. Being a synthesized index, it represents some
major aspects that concern services enjoyed by the residents in their daily lives (such
as tap water drinking, household electricity consumption, transportation,
broadcasting and television, telecommunication, as well as improvement in harmfree disposal rate of household garbage, etc).
The overall planning of urban and rural development requires that the countryside
should enjoy just as much livelihood service as the urban area. Due to the wide gap
between the target and the reality, both the requirement for development and the
feasibility in reality have been fully considered in the determination of the target
value, so as to narrow the gap as much as possible.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(12) Resident income index set at 100%
Resident income index is a synthesized index used to weigh and measure the overall
income level of urban and rural residents and the differences in this regard, which
consists of per capita disposable income of the urban resident families, per capita net
income of the rural resident families, and per capita net income of the urban and
rural resident families, and proportion of urban and rural resident incomes. By 2020,
the per capita disposable income of the urban resident families will have reached
18,000(by 2000 comparable price, and hereafter the same method applies). Because
of the implementation of the policies in the holistically planned urban and rural
development, the per capita net income of the rural resident families will see an even
rapider increase reaching 14,400 Yuan. The income difference and gap between
urban and rural residents will be reduced to below 200%, with standard value of
residents’ income index set at 100%.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(13) Index of the residents' consumptive expenditure at 100%
The index of the residents' consumptive expenditure is a comparative figure used to
weigh and measure the overall level of expenditures of the urban and rural residents
and their differences. It is a synthesized index that reflects the living conditions of
both the urban and rural residents. This index is made up of the three indexes upon
synthesized weight values, namely, per capita expenditure of urban residents, per
capita expenditure of rural residents, and proportion of per capita consumptive
expenditure of urban and rural residents. According to analytic estimation on the
historical data of the developed provinces in the Eastern region and the development
trend of Chongqing, by 2020, the resident consumption trend in the Municipality is
expected to reach 75% with corresponding consumptive expenditure at 13,500 Yuan.
The expenditure trend of rural residents is expected to reach as high as 80% with the
corresponding expenditure level climbing up to 11,520 Yuan. The proportion of per
capita consumptive expenditure of urban and rural residents is set at below 180%
(with agriculture as 100)
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(14) Engel's coefficient index of urban residents at 100%
The Engel's coefficient index of urban residents is a synthesized index that reflects
the quality of lives of urban and rural residents, as well as the differences and gaps
between the two. The index is composed of Engel’s coefficient index of the residents,
Engel's coefficient index of the rural residents, and proportion of Engel's coefficient
index of the urban and rural residents. The bigger the index value is, the worse the
quality of living condition is, and the bigger the differences between urban and rural
areas are. As demanded in the goals for building an all-round and well-off society, as
well as combining the specific requests concerning the overall planning of urban and
rural development of Chongqing, the targeted value of Engel's coefficient index is
thus set at 33% and 40% for the urban and rural residents respectively with the
proportion of Engel's coefficient index of the urban and rural residents set at above
84% ( with agriculture as 100).
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(15) Index of exported rural labor force set at 72%
The index of exported rural labor force is a synthesized index that reflects labor
force export regarding such aspects as the total amount of rural labor force having
been transferred during a certain period of time, and its pattern, space distribution,
and efficiency, etc. This index is synthesized by four following indexes, namely,
proportion of the already transferred rural labor force in the total labor force in the
countryside, proportion of newly increased transferred labor force having undergone
technical training in total number of the transferred labor force people, newly
increased organized transferred labor force in total number of the transferred labor
force people, and labor force that has been transferred outside the city in the total
number of people of the transferred labor force.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(15) Index of exported rural labor force set at 72%
In consideration of the importance that the remaining rural labor force, along with
natural population growth and urbanization process, should also be transferred as
much as possible, the ratio of rural labor force to be transferred in our Municipality
should reach 70%. In the total transferred labor force, the ratio of that to be exported
outside of the city should be as high as 60%. The present major task in this regard is
to enhance the intensity and organization degree in technical training of the newly
increased transferred labor force. Therefore, the proportion of newly increased
transferred labor force having undergone technical training should be as high as 80%,
and the proportion of the newly increased organized transferred labor force should
reach 80%. Considering those factors such as the self-growth of agriculture, the
natural growth of population, urbanization process, as well as the need of labor force
in the construction of the new socialist countryside, etc, the index of exported labor
force in our Municipality should reach 72%.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(16) Labor force absorption rate at 74%
The labor force absorption rate is an integrated index that can reflect labor force
absorption. This index is synthesized by three minor indexes, namely, labor force
absorption by regional fabrication, labor force absorption by industrial fabrication,
and rural origin-turned labor force having been transferred to work in urban areas in
the total number of the transferred labor force people. Based upon the multipleelement nature of the fabrication of employed people in the urban area, as well as the
scale of transferred rural labor force, we have ascertained that the targeted value of
accumulated transferred rural workers should make up some 60% of the total of the
presently employed people in the urban areas. Among the transferred rural labor
force, the proportion of those transferred to non-agricultural aspects should reach
100%, of which 80% of those transferred into urban areas should also have their
residence registration simultaneously transferred into the city. Also ascertained is
that the labor force absorption index should reach 74%.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(17) Index concerning migrant workers’ rights and interests insurance set at 100%
The index concerning migrant workers’ rights and interests insurance is a
synthesized index reflecting insurance of migrant workers’ rights and interests,
covering such aspects as social insurance, maintenance of rights and interests, and
living conditions, etc of the migrant rural workers. The index of migrant workers’
rights and interests insurance is made up of the following five minor indexes, namely,
employment contract signing and implementation rate, social insurance rate covering
work-related injuries, medical care, and retirement life, etc, minimum wage
insurance rate, housing insurance rate, and insurance of rural migrants’ children’s
enrollment rate. These above five indexes make up the major aspects as regards the
legitimate rights and interests of the migrant rural workers. The holistically planned
urban and rural development requires that the legitimate rights and interests of the
migrant rural workers should enjoy the same insurance as that of urban residents.
Therefore the targeted value in this regard for the migrant rural workers is set at
100%.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(18) Index of environment for self-established business by the farmers set at 80%
The index of environment for self-established business by the farmers is a
synthesized index that reflects the overall situation and condition in terms of the
“soft and hard” environments for self-established business by the farmers. The
improvement of environment for self-established business is a dynamic process,
which, along with the economic and industrial layout, needs constant improving and
which also includes the subjective feeling of the business creators and investors.
Therefore, given the above reasons, we have ascertained that the targeted value be
set at 80%.
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Part four: Main Contents of The Monitoring and
Appraisal System of the Overall Planning of & Rural
Development of the Chongqing Municipality
2.Interpretation of the methodology of synthesized monitored indicators and the
target values
(19) Index of self-established business by farmers having returned to their own home
countryside set at 30%
The index of self-established business by farmers having returned to their own home
countryside refers to the proportion of the self-established business by farmers who
have met the requirements and standard for returning to their own home countryside
in the total labor force having already been transferred. The calculation formula is as
follows:
Index of self-established business by the farmers having returned to their own home
countryside = the proportion of the self-established business by the farmers who
have met the requirements and standard for returning to their own home
countryside÷the total labor force having already been transferred.
The self-established business by rural workers having returned to their home
countryside has very close and intimate relationships with the local investment
environment and the actual capability of the rural workers. According to the present
situation of our municipality in this regard, and given that the general diathesis of the
labor force is relatively rather low, their economic and technical strength for selfestablishing their own business, as well as the fact that the relatively fewer numbers
of farmers who have met the requirements and standard for returning to their own
home countryside, etc, we have set the periodic targeted value of index of selfestablished business by the farmers having returned to their own home countryside at
30%.
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The social and economic development of Chongqing is right now
experiencing a crucial period which calls for our strenuous and arduous
efforts and endeavors, the Municipality of Chongqing will surely strive to
live up to this historical mission. Guided by scientific development
outlook and vision, we will devote our earnest efforts in the construction
of the Municipality under the overall planning of urban and rural
development and materialize the ‘314’ general planning. Meanwhile, the
statistic work of Chongqing is also stepping into a critical period with
integrated upgrading. We must also further update our work with new
ideas, new innovative means and methods, as well as try to expand our
work areas and keep close paces with the steps of the metropolitan
development with objective records of the development tracks of the
Metropolis so as to make our due contribution to the grand development
drive of the Metropolitan City of Chongqing.
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That's all,
thank you.