Download Slide 1

Emerging Challenges,
Emerging Practices: Sharing a
Global Vision of Quality
Assurance in Higher Education
Edilberto C de Jesus
Secretariat Director
SEAMEO
Southeast Asian
Ministers of Education
Organization
SEAMEO
Member States
Indonesia (1965)
Lao PDR (1965)
Malaysia (1965)
Philippines (1965)
Singapore (1965)
Thailand (1965)
Cambodia (1968)
Brunei Darussalam (1981)
Vietnam (1992)
Myanmar (1997)
Timor-Leste (2006)
SEAMEO Associate
Members
Australia (1973)
France (1973)
New Zealand (1974)
Canada (1988)
Germany (1990)
Netherlands (1993)
Norway (2005)
SEAMEO Affiliate
Members
International Council for Open
and Distance Education (1999)
SEAMEO Units
CHAT
INNOTECH
SPAFA
TROPMED
Philippines
Secretariat
RIHED
TROPMED
Network
SEARCA
RETRAC
TROPMED
Thailand
VOCTECH
RECSAM
•11 Specialised Regional
Centres
TROPMED
Malaysia
• Network (with 4 centres)
on tropical medicine and
public health
RELC
TROPMED
Indonesia
SEAMOLEC
BIOTROP
• Secretariat
Diversity within SEAMEO
• Education systems at different stage of
development
• Operating with different levels of resources
Budget for Education
Country
Education Budget
(Million USD)
Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) in
Million USD
Education Budget as
Percent of GDP (%)
Brunei Darussalam1
346.8
5,917.0
5.9
Cambodia1
110.5
4,440.0
2.5
Indonesia2
418.0
31,095.0
1.3
Lao PDR1
69.9
2,796.0
2.5
Malaysia3
7,088.4
131,020.0
5.4
Myanmar4
97.0
7,464.0
1.3
Philippines1
2,203.4
92,850.0
2.4
Singapore1
4,553.7
116,760.7
3.9
Thailand1
6,423.7
166,300.0
3.9
35.0
1,750.2
1.4
2,602.0
43,750.0
5.9
Timor Leste1
Vietnam1
Sources:
1 Information from MOE
3 Malaysian Educational Statistics 2006
2 Education
4 Estimation
Budget by National Educational Budget, GDP by EconStats
by UNESCO Institute for Statistic for Myanmar, 2001
Allocation of Expenditure Per Student
Country
Education Budget
(USD)
Number of Students All
Level
Allocation Per
Student
(USD)
Brunei Darussalam
346,800,000
76,898
4,509.9
Cambodia
110,500,000
3,451,661
32.0
Indonesia¹
418,000,000
41,907,605
10.0
Lao PDR
69,900,000
1,350,584
51.8
Malaysia
7,088,400,000
5,783,796
1,225.6
Myanmar
97,000,000
8,092,510
12.0
Philippines
2,203,400,000
23,174,070
95.1
Singapore
4,553,700,000
483,151
9,425.0
Thailand
6,423,700,000
13,162,488
488.0
1,270,000
136,875
9.3
260,200,000
17,542,129
14.8
Timor Leste
Vietnam
Mission of Higher Education
Institutions
• Teaching
• Research
• Service
Personal Perspectives
• Philippine Experience
• Private Corporate Sector
• Government Perspective
• Regional Association
Pressures on HEI
• Demand for Greater Access
• Demand for Higher Quality
• Declining Government Support
Pressures on HEI
• Expansion of Knowledge
SIMS Research: world production of
original information
- 1999: 2-3 EB (Exabytes)
(1 EB = 1018 bytes)
- 2002: 5 EB
(500 additional US LCs)
Pressures on HEI
SIM Research: Information on the Web
- 2000: 20-50 TB (Terabytes)
(1 TB = 1012 bytes)
- 2003:
167 terabytes
(16.7 more US LC)
Pressures on HEI
SIM Research: Email Volume
- 2003:
31 billion messages/day
- 2006:
62 billion messages/day
Peter A Henning ( Karlsruhe University of
Applied Sciences):
“In the past five years, we have produced
more data than in the 5,000 years before –
and the data volume increase in speeding
up.”
Issues in Knowledge Explosion
• Data Heat
• Data Accuracy
• Data Relevance
Implications for QA Efforts
• Teaching: content coverage (What to
teach?)
• Research:
– Keeping Pace
– Controlling Costs
– Maintaining Focus
UNESCO: Research and Higher
Education Policy, Nov. 2006
Arthur Biennenstock (Vice Provost and
Dean of Research and Graduate Policy,
Stanford): Essential Characteristics of
Research Universities
1. High quality faculty committed to
research and teaching
2. High quality graduate students
UNESCO: Research and Higher
Education Policy, Nov. 2006
3. An intellectual climate that encourages
scholarship
4. Facilities to support effective teaching
and research
5. Funding for operations and instruction
UNESCO: Research and Higher
Education Policy, Nov. 2006
6. Research funding
7. Research infrastructure
8. High quality leadership
North-South Divide
• Resources
• Problems
• Mission
• Standards
Divisions in the North
American dominance of Global 10 University
Rankings:
- Only Oxford and Cambridge in contention
- Spending on tertiary education:
UK-- 1.1% of GDP
US– 2.6% of GDP (1.4% private sector)
Any European world-class research
universities in 20 years’ time?
Divisions within Countries
• 4000+ HEI in the US (Carnegie
Foundation, 2000)
– Research Universities: 261
Parallels between Basic and
Higher Education
• Simultaneous Demand for Access and
Quality
• Priority on Access
– Declining government budgets
– Entry of private sector entrepreneurs
– On-line/distance education
• Priority on Teaching
Implications for APQN
• Strengthen QA on the teaching function
• Establish guidelines for research in
teaching institutions
• Develop metrics for different HEI levels
Implications for APQN
• Focus on threshold indicators
• Priority to Teaching vs. Research
Thank You