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AUSTRALIA
National Overview &
IT Infrastructure Assessment
Presented by Steve Bean
AUSTRALIA
Down Under?
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History
• Inhabited 50,000 years ago
– Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
• European Settlement
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1770, Capt James Cook claimed for the British Crown
Transport of 160,000 convicts from 1788-1868
Free settlers come for wool industry & gold rush
Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901
Immigration Restriction Act 1901-1945
• Modern Society
– Major nation-building projects in 1950s
– Ethnic diversity produced by post-world war immigration
– Today one of the most cosmopolitan and dynamic societies
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Coastal & Urban Area Populations
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Government
• Democratic, federal-state system
recognizing the British monarch as sovereign
• 95% voter turnout, it’s the law
• Executive Branch
– Chief of State, Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II
– Governor General, Michael Jeffery
– Head of Government, Prime Minister John Howard
• Legislative Branch
– Commonwealth Parliament, Senate (76 seats) House of Rep (150 seats)
• Judicial Branch
– High Court, Chief Justice and six other Justices
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Political Environment for IT
• High political stability
• Government promotes use of IT
• Open information sharing with few trade
barriers
• Few regulations/restrictions of IT
• Ranked 7.7 on scale of 10 for legal and
copyright protection.
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AUSTRALIA
Educational System
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Literacy rate is 100%
IT literacy rate is 66%
One in five Australians has a university degree
40 universities and over 100 other higher
education institutions
• More than 400,000 students from around 200
countries
• 8% of GDP allocated to research & development
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Language & Culture
• Hofstede Rankings
– MAS 35th, UAI 17th, PDI 13th, IND 49th
• English is the native language
– English 79%, Chinese 2%, Italian 2%, other 11%,
unspecified 6%
• Demographics
– Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, Aboriginal & other 1%
• Diversity
– One in four Australians came from another country
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Multilingual Workforce
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Aborigines Influence
• ~ 1% population
• Reconciliation issues
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Aging Population
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IT Diffusion
• Telephones
– 57% of households have phone lines
– Mobile phone use is increasing rapidly
• Computers
– 66% of households have computers
• Televisions
– Average 2 sets per household, 99% of
population have access to television
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Internet & PC Usage
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Telecommunications
• Internet connections
– 14.2 million users
– 12th for e-business readiness (EIU)
• Domestic communications
– Fiber optics cable with satellite backup
• International connectivity
– Sydney link to Asia, North America & Europe
– Perth link to SE Asia, Europe, Africa & the Middle East
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Fiberoptic Network
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Telstra visits house in bush
www.nicholsoncartoons.com.au
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Infrastructure
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
– Adheres with United Nations (UN/EDIFACT)
– Comply with US and Canadian ANSI/X12
• Digital networks
– $2.5 billion invested in telecommunications
• ISDN/fiber availability
– 96% of the population
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Computer Industry
• Generates about 4% of the GDP
• More than 22,000 ICT Businesses
• ASX* Corporations
– 94 software and service
– 44 technology hardware and equipment
• Large Foreign Multinationals Presence
– Outsourcing service providers (IBM, EDS, CSC)
– Software providers (Microsoft, Oracle)
– Network system providers (Sun Microsystems, Cisco)
*ASX = Australian Stock Exchange
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Economy
• GDP per capita, $30,700 ranked 17th
• Foreign direct investment, $813.5 Billion
(2001)
• Strong international joint ventures have
helped endure crisis situations
• Australian Stock Exchange impressive
showing past three years
– Recently S&P ASX/200 reached 5000+
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Bridge Between East & West
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Foreign Trade
• Import Partners
– US 14.8%, China 12.7%, Japan 11.8%, Germany
5.8%, Singapore 4.4%, UK 4.1%
• Export Partners
– Japan 18.7%, China 9.2%, US 8.1%, South Korea
7.7%, New Zealand 7.4%, India 4.6%, UK 4.2%
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Asian Trade ‘Boomerang’
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AUSTRALIA
Australian Dollar
•aka the “Aussie Battler”
•Exchange rate .72 per US $1
•4-5% of worldwide foreign
exchange transactions
•6th most traded currency
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Consumer Debt
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Future Still Looks Promising
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Summary
• Overall Assessment of IT Capability
– Advanced infrastructure with strong government promotion
– Early adopters and widespread diffusion of IT
• Attractiveness from an IT Strategic Perspective
– Good location & cross-cultural population for global economy
– Investment flow helping to maintain market competitiveness
• Other Pertinent Information
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High consumer debt, aging population concerns
Trade deficit recovery
Closer ties with Asia-Pacific countries promising
Continued GDP growth
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