Download Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion in China

Who are we?
XU, Qintian
 General Manager, Huadian Zibo Cogeneration Co., Ltd.
 A former operator, experienced in operating

6000 kW units

50 MW units

125 MW units
LI, Zheng
 Professor, Dept. of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua Uni.
 Director, Tsinghua Clean Energy Research and
Education Center
 Doing modeling and simulation of CFB, IGCC
 Development of training simulator of CFB power plant
Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion in China
Prof. Li Zheng
Director
Tsinghua BP Clean Energy Research and Education Center
October, 2004
Comparison of energy mix of China and world in
2002
World's Primary Energy Composition
6%
China
World
US
Oil
24.6
38
39.8
NG
2.7
24
25.7
Coal
66.5
26
24.3
Nuclr
0.6
6
8.1
Hydro
5.6
6
2.1
6%
38%
26%
24%
Oil
Nuclear Energy
Natural Gas
Hydro electric
Coal
China's Primary Energy Composition
0.6% 5.6%
24.6%
2.7%
66.5%
Oil
Nuclear Energy
Natural Gas
Hydro electric
Coal
Primary Energy consumption of China in 2003
7.40%
2.80%
22.70%
67.10%
coal
oil
hy+nucl
NG
Summary of current energy situation
 The total primary energy consumption and production
were 1165 Mtoe and 1120 Mtoe in 2003, respectively
 Coal is still the dominant primary energy, accounts for
nearly 70% in total energy mix
 Oil import more than 100 Mt, energy security worry
 The per capita energy consumption is only half of the
world average level
 The total power capacity by the end of 2003: 385 GW
 Significantly increasing of energy consumption,
especially oil, in recent years due to
- the faster growth of heavy industries
- upgrade of consumption structure
- urbanization
Projection of future energy demand
 The total energy demand in 2020 will range 1750-2310
Mtoe in terms of different scenarios

Coal：2100~2900Mt

Oil：400~500Mt

Natural gas ：160~200 b m3

Power generation capacity：860-950 GW
 In 2050 the total energy demand will be beyond 3500
Mtoe
Energy challenges China is facing in the future
1.The energy security
 The per capita energy reserves of China are very low,
especially for the oil and natural gas
 Oil will reach the peak production around 180Mt in
2020, after then the production will decrease
 60% oil and 40% natural gas in 2020 will depend on
import
 100Mt coal production new capacity will be set-up
before 2020
Energy challenges China is facing in the future
2. Energy efficiency improvement
 The energy consumption intensity of GDP of China in
2000 was 829toe/million $US, 3.15 times of world
average level and 4.33 times of OECD average,
attributed to 42% industrial proportion in GDP and
low value added for most products, and low energy
efficiency.
 The specific energy consumption for most energy
intensive products are as 20-50% higher than that of
the industrial countries.
Energy challenges China is facing in the future
3. Environmental impact of energy pollutant
 The SO2 and NOx pollutant could be 40Mt and 35Mt
and exceed 16Mt and 19Mt of the pollutant limits,
respectively, in 2020 if no additional control
measures will be taken
 China is the second largest CO2 emission country, it
would increase in the future
China Power Industry
Year
1949
1980
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Capacity
GW
1.85
65.86
137.9
217
236
254
277
294
319
338.6
357
385
Power Generation
TWh
300.6
621.3
1346.6
1483.9
1620.0
1901.0
Installed power capacity by primary energy
(total 356 GW at the end of 2002)
Nuclear
0.4GW
核电
0.04亿千瓦
1.1%
Coal fired
266GW
水电
0.86万千瓦
24.2%
Hydroel
86GW
火电
2.66万千瓦
74.7%
Total installed capacity:
356GW
2002年底全国火电机组分类结构
Installed capacity by unit scale (2002)
10万千瓦以下
21%
<100 MW, 21%
30万千瓦及以上
46%
>300 MW, 46%
10-20万千瓦
16%
100-200MW, 16%
20-30万千瓦
17%
200-300MW, 17%
The Fast Increase Of Energy Consumption In
Recent Years
 GDP Growth
1995-2002
8.9%
2002-2003
9.1%
 Primary energy consumption
1995-2002
1.7%
2002-2003
13.4%
 Electricity consumption
1995-2002
7.3%
2002-2003
14.3%
The Fast Increase Of Energy Consumption
In Recent Years
 The energy consumption elasticity of GDP
1995-2002
0.2
2002-2003
1.47
 The electricity consumption elasticity of GDP
1995-2002
0.82
2002-2003
1.57
Severe shortage of electricity supply
 Electricity
shortage occurrence in 24 province grids
 Unbalanced
supply and demand in 35GW of power
generation capacity
The measures addressing electric shortage




Accelerate installation of new power stations by 2.5-3.3
GW annually
Increase coal mining capacity
Close down some factories manufacturing high energy
intensive products
Promote construction of new grids and upgrading old grids
Vision of coal utilization in China
CFB development in China—Domestic technologies
 1980-1990: first R&D 50 units of 35-75T/h , learning
CFB process
 1991-2000 develop the CFB theory and design code ,
200 units of 75-130T/h CFB successfully installed
 2000-2004 developing 400-670T/h demonstration,
disseminating 75-220T/h widely; CFB also the first
choice for waste incinerator
 2004- feasibility study supercritical CFB
 Characteristics:

not so sensitive with coal type and fuel size

Good experience on erosion protection

Less experience on sulfur capture engineering
CFB development in China—import technologies
 1992 Harbin Boiler as sub-contractor of Alhstrom to
manufacture 220t/h CFB
 1996 Neijiang imported 400t/ h CFB from Alhstrom
 1996 Dongfang Boiler purchased 220t/h-400t/h CFB
technology from Foster Wheeler
 2001 Harbin Boiler purchased 100-150MWe CFB technology
from EVT
 2002 Shanghai purchased 100-150MW CFB technology from
ABB-CE
 2003 NDRC organized technology transfer of 300 MWe CFB
from Alstom
 Comments:

good experience on boiler island engineering,

lack of experience on hard coal, ( erosion, ash cooling, burnout
of carbon)
Market of CFB in China
 75-220T/h- More than 400 units in operation,
more than 200 units is reserved
 440T/h – 20 units is in operation, more than 150
units are reserved
 670T/h – 2 units are reserved
 900T/h – 15 units are reserved
 Supercritical CFB in feasibility stage
A brief introduction to
Huadian Zibo Cogeneration Company, Ltd.
Xu Qintian
General Manager
Huadian Zibo Cogeneration Co. Ltd.
Oct. 26, 2004
Indiana, PA, US
History and present installed capacity
 Built in 1952
 1969, 160MW, closed on 1999
 1996, 290MW (+2x65MW)
 2003, 2x135MW CFB units
 Present: 447MW (4 units: 2x135+2x88.5)
Organization Chart
General manager
Deputy managers, Chief
engineer
administration
operation
boiler
Logistics &
community
turbine
I&C
chemical
fuel
electric
Heat
service
Statistical Data
 Total employee: 1095

240 operators, 4 shifts
 6 workshops & 1 heating service company

Boiler, turbine, electric, control, chemical plant, fuel

Heating service company: industrial + residence
 Logistics and community

Hotel, food service, hospital, estate management
and community management, etc
New CFB units in Zibo Cogeneration Co., Ltd.
Overview of power plant
Central control room
#3 CFB unit
Parameters of the 2x135 MW reheat CFB boiler
过热蒸汽流量 live steam flow rate: 465t/h
过热蒸汽出口压力
过热蒸汽温度live steam temp.:
给水温度 244℃
540℃
13.7MPa
再热蒸汽流量reheat steam flow: 411t/h
再热蒸汽进口压力
再热蒸汽温度reheat steam temp.: 540℃
再热蒸汽进口温度 373.8℃
4.06Mpa
设计燃用淄博贫煤 收到基灰份Aar 36.08%，干燥无灰基挥发份Vdaf 14.77% ，收到基
低位发热量Qnet.ar 18650 kJ/kg。
煤种粒径要求：最大允许粒径≤ 7mm，d50=0.6mm，d<200um不大于25％。
锅炉宽度boiler width: 13880mm
炉膛深度boiler depth: 7220mm
尾部烟道宽度2nd column width: 11930mm
尾部烟道深度2nd column depth: 5800mm
汽包中心线标高drum elevation 49360mm
锅炉最高点标高maximum elevation: 55000mm
Manufactured by Harbin Boiler Company, Ltd.
Some parts of the CFB boiler
Boiler master control diagram
Ash cooling systems
Flue gas system
Training simulation center
Problems encountered in operation
 Unstable coal supplies

Have to use different coals from time to time
 Erosion

Mainly in the conjunction part of refractory and
water wall

Protection shield and coating helps a lot
 Blocking of ash removing system

Mainly related with burning of high ash content coal
 High carbon content in flyash
 Breakdown of refractory
Thoughts of cooperation in CFB field
 To set up a platform to enhance China-US
communication and cooperation in industrial
level on CFB field
 Three layers of possible cooperation

Communication: contacts, personnel visits &
exchange, …, to help understand culture, general
energy situation, structure of industry and running
manner

Experience exchange in CFB operation,
maintenance, equipment procurement,…

Future business development in both countries
END
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