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ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF CHILE
“EDUCATION IN CHILE: HOW DOES IT COMPARE WITH THE
REST OF LATIN AMERICA?”
REGIONAL LAUNCH OF THE PUBLICATION “EDUCATION AT A GLANCE:
1998” PREPARED BY THE ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC
COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
PRESS CONFERENCE AND TECHNICAL SEMINAR
Santiago, Chile, 23 November 1998
Table 1
EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION (1995-1996)
Country
United States
OECD country mean
Spain
Mexico
Chile
Brazil*
Uruguay
Argentina
Paraguay*
Public
Expenditure per primary student
Total expenditure expenditure on
(% GDP)
education (% of Equivalent US$ % of GDP per
dollars
capita
total expenditure)
6.7
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.1
..
4.2
3.1
14.4
12.6
12.8
23.0
15.2
15.3
12.4
12.6
14.8
5,371
3,546
2,628
1,015
1,807
870
920
1,158
343
MACRO
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of data published in Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 1998.
* Public institutions.
20
19
18
14
15
15
12
12
10
MICRO
Chart 1
ANNUAL EXPENDITURE PER PRIMARY STUDENT IN RELATION
TO GDP PER CAPITA (1995-1996)
6000
6000
USA
5000
5000
4000
4000
OCDE
3000
3000
Spa
2000
2000
Chi
Mex Arg
1000
Bra*
Par*
0
0
5000
1000
Uru
0
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
GDP per capita (in equivalent US$ dollars)
*
Public institutions.
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of data published in Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 1998.
Chart 2
EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP: BY SOURCE OF
FUNDS (1995-1996)
% OF GDP
8.0
OECD country mean (TOTAL EXPENDITURE)
7.0
OECD country mean (PUBLIC EXPENDITURE)
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
United States
Spain
Mexico
Chile
Portugal
Brazil
Argentina
Paraguay
COUNTRIES
Public expenditure
Private expenditure
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of data published in Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 1998.
Chart 3
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF
TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE (1995-1996)
24
20
18
16
OECD (12.6%)
14
12
ay
gu
Ur
u
in
a
nt
ge
Ar
Sp
ai
n
US
A
ay
Pa
ra
gu
ile
Ch
Br
az
il
ex
ic
o
10
M
PERCENTAGE
22
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of data published in Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 1998.
Table 2
ENROLMENT IN TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL PROGRAMMES AT THE
UPPER SECONDARY LEVELa (1996)
Country
Upper
secondary
graduates as a %
of typical age of
graduation
Distribution of enrolment in upper
secondary education by type of programme
Technical/
vocational
programmes
Of which wholly
school based
General
programmes
(%)
(%)
(%)
Portugal
Germany
91
86
26
76
100
48
74
24
OECD country mean
Spain
United States
Chile
Brazil
Argentina
Mexico
Uruguay
Paraguay
85
73
72
49
34
34
26
..
..
53
39
..
42
..
33
16
20
9
66
95
..
100
..
100
100
100
100
46
61
..
58
..
67
84
80
91
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of data published in Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 1998.
a Includes public and private institutions and full-time and part-time students.
Chart 4
TECHNICAL TRAINING IN UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION (1996):
THREE PROFILES
CHILE
21%
OECD COUNTRY MEAN
GERMANY
15%
34%
45%
49%
65%
85%
86%
Population of typical age of upper secondary graduation.
% of which are upper secondary graduates.
% of which attended technical and vocational programmes.
% of which received training that was both school-based and work
based.
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of data published in Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 1998.
Table 3
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN IN THEIR COMPLETION OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION BY AGE GROUPS 25-34 AND 55-64 (1996)
% of the age group 55-64 who
have completed upper secondary
education
Countrya
Uruguay
Portugal
Argentina
Brazil
Spain
United States
OECD country mean
United Kingdom
Germany
Australia
Women
Men
Difference
between
women and
men
(%)
(%)
(% points)
15
8
14
10
8
77
35
52
59
36
13
11
16
13
15
78
47
70
83
57
+2
-3
-2
-3
-7
-1
-12
-18
-24
-21
% of the age group 25-34 who
have completed upper
secondary education
Women
Men
Difference
between
women
and men
(%)
(%)
(% points)
41
36
39
33
52
88
69
86
84
55
30
29
33
29
48
86
69
88
88
70
+11
+7
+6
+4
+4
+2
0
-2
-4
-15
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of data published in Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 1998.
aCountries
are ranked in descending order of female advantage in upper secondary education completion, age 25-54.
Chart 5
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN IN THEIR COMPLETION
OF UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION (1996)
15
Higher proportion of women completing upper secondary education
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
Higher proportion of men completing upper secondary education
-30
55-64 years of age
25-34 years of age
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of data published in Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 1998.